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Kafe 바로가기주관연구기관 | 국립식량과학원 National Institute of Crop Science |
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보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 | 한국어 |
발행년월 | 2015-03 |
과제시작연도 | 2014 |
주관부처 | 농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 | TRKO201500010411 |
과제고유번호 | 1395035022 |
사업명 | 작물시험연구 |
DB 구축일자 | 2015-07-11 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201500010411 |
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
□ 제1세부연구과제 : 기계화 재배 적응 기능성 수수 품종 육성
최근 식물의 기능이 건강기능성 분야로 확대되면서 잡곡이 새롭게 부각되고 있는 추세이다. 수수는 단백질, 지방, 조섬유, 철, 비타민 B2, 회분 등의 함량은 높고, 탄수화물의 함량은 낮다. 특히 곡류 중 탄닌을 함유하는 유일한 작물이며, 또한 드물게도 다양한 폴리페놀을 함유하고 있는 작물로 국내산에 대한 소비자 선호성이 크지만, 농가에서 재배되는 수수 품종은 대부분 재래종으로 키가 크고 도복에 약해 기계수확이 이루어지지 않아 다수성, 재배안
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
□ 제1세부연구과제 : 기계화 재배 적응 기능성 수수 품종 육성
최근 식물의 기능이 건강기능성 분야로 확대되면서 잡곡이 새롭게 부각되고 있는 추세이다. 수수는 단백질, 지방, 조섬유, 철, 비타민 B2, 회분 등의 함량은 높고, 탄수화물의 함량은 낮다. 특히 곡류 중 탄닌을 함유하는 유일한 작물이며, 또한 드물게도 다양한 폴리페놀을 함유하고 있는 작물로 국내산에 대한 소비자 선호성이 크지만, 농가에서 재배되는 수수 품종은 대부분 재래종으로 키가 크고 도복에 약해 기계수확이 이루어지지 않아 다수성, 재배안전성 및 기계수확 가능한 수수 신품종 개발이 요구되고 있다.
본 과제에서는 기계화 재배 적응 기능성 수수 품종 육성을 위해 각 지역에 산재해있는 지역 재래종과 국내외 종자관리 기관에서 보유하고 있는 자원을 수집하여 집단을 양성하고 분리 육종 방법 및 교배육종을 계통육성 및 선발과정을 거쳐 우량 계통 남풍찰(밀양4호)과 소담찰(밀양5호)을 개발하였다. 이들 계통들은 수수 고유의 영양학적 이점뿐 아니라 기계수확 가능한 간장으로 재배상 안정성이 있어 선발 및 육성되었고 생산력 검증과 지역적응 시험을 거쳐 품종출원 되었다.
□ 제2세부연구과제 : 가공적성 용도별 팥 품종 개발
가공적성과 기계화 적성이 우수하고 다수성인 고품질의 팥을 생산하기 위해 2012년부터 2014년까지 60조합의 인공교배로 4500립의 교배립 종자를 수확하였다. F2집단은 120조합을 공시하여 115조합 2650개체를 선발하였다. F3 이후 계통은 361조합 3385계통을 공시하여 361조합 964계통을 선발하였다. 2012년부터 2014년까지 가공적성과 재배안정성이 우수한 고품질 대립인 계통을 선발하고자 3년간 실시한 생산력검정시험을 한 결과, 2012년에는 유망계통으로 YA0724-3-2 등 16계통을 선발하였으며, 이들 중 SA9905-14-1-4-3-4-1, SA9906-5-4-1-1-1-5, SA9910-12-2-4-3-5-3, SA0309-11-2-1계통은 각각 밀양 21호, 22호, 23, 24호의 계통명으로 지역적응시험에 공시하였다. 2013년에는 YA0813-2B-7-4 등 20계통을 선발하였으며, 이들 중 SA0206-2B-1-1-3-2, SA0007-3B-1-1-3-3, YA0817-2B-2S-5-2, SA0208-2B-3-5-4-1 계통은 각각 밀양25호, 26호, 27호, 28호의 계통명으로 지역적응시험에 공시하였다. 2014년에는 YA0912-2B-8-3 등 12계통을 선발하였으며, 이들 중 YA0820-2B-10-3, YA0826-2B-2S-6-3, SA0208-2B-3-5-4-4-3-3, YA0808-2B-2S-6-3 등 4계통을 각각 밀양29호, 30호, 31호, 32호의 계통명으로 지역적응시험에 공시하였다. 지역시험결과 흰구슬, 연두채, 서나, 흰나래 등 4개의 신품종을 육성하였다.
□ 제3세부연구과제 : 작부체계적응 단기 다수성 밀렛류 품종 개발
식품의 기능이 과거 열량 중심에서 기호성과 생체조절기능으로 확대되면서 잡곡이 보유한 다양한 기능성으로 새로운 주목을 받게 되었다. 우리나라에서의 밀렛류 품종개발은 2008년 이후 순계분리를 통한 다수의 품종이 개발되어 보급되고 있으나, 각 지역의 다양한 다모작 체계 및 생태형에 적응하고 소비자가 원하는 다양한 기능성을 갖춘 신품종의 육성과 보급이 시급히 해결되어야 할 문제점으로 대두되었다. 이러한 시대적 요구성에 부응하여 단기 다수성 밀렛류 (조, 기장, 식용피) 우수한 품종을 육성하기 위해 교배육종을 통한 다양한 변이 창출 및 시급히 해결해야 할 부분은 분리육종법에 의한 유전자원을 소재로 신품종 개발을 수행하였다. 본 과제에서는 조, 기장과 식용피을 중심으로 ’12년도 부터 ’14년도 까지 3년에 걸처 특성조사 를 실시하면서 순계분리 과정을 통해 특성을 고정시키고 농업형질이 우수한 계통들을 선발하여 신규 계통명을 부여하고 소정의 육종과정을 거쳐 신품종을 육성하였다. 조는 밀양5호, 밀양7호 등 3계통을 농작물직무육성신품종심의회 상정하여에서 ’12년도에 조황메(밀양5호), 13년도 다황메(밀양7호)와 ’14년도 단아메(밀양10호) 등 3품종이 신품종으로 명명되었고 기장은 밀양2호, 밀양5호 등 2계통을 ’12년도에 황실찰(밀양2호), ’14년도 금실찰(밀양5호) 등 2품종, 식용피에서는 극 조숙이면서 간장이 매우 작아 논 다모작 체계에 적합한 소담직이 신품종으로 개발 되었다.
한편 농업적 형질이 우수한 품종을 농가에 신속히 보급하고자 매년 등록 및 출원된 품종에 한하여 종자증식을 매년 실시하여 조 610kg, 기장 260kg을 생산하여 보급함으로서 순도 높은 종자 보급에 노력하였다.
앞으로 밀렛류는 작부체계 적응성, 다수성, 기계화적성, 재배안정성 및 소비 용도별 다양한 신품종 개발이 요구되므로 이에 부응하기 위하여 순계분리 육종과 더블어 교배육종을 통하여 다양하고 우수한 품종개발도 시도 할 것이다.
○ Title : Breeding sorghum variety having high adapatility for mechanical cultivation
Sorghum is the fifth important cereal crop in the world and has been utilized for food, fodder and fuel (Prakasham, Nagaiah et al. 2014). In Korea sorghum has mostly been used by its whole grains for healthy foo
○ Title : Breeding sorghum variety having high adapatility for mechanical cultivation
Sorghum is the fifth important cereal crop in the world and has been utilized for food, fodder and fuel (Prakasham, Nagaiah et al. 2014). In Korea sorghum has mostly been used by its whole grains for healthy food and as feed for animals; the plant stem and foliage are used for green chop, hay, silage, and pasture. In some areas the stem is used as building material, and plant remains (after the head is harvested) may be used for fuel. In recent study, it has known that sorghum has many functional components for health. But we have no dwarf-internode cultivar with high functional ingredient, good yield and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. dwarf-internode cultivars need to enhanced mechanical harvestability that can be mechanically harvested, saves labor cost and improves labor conditions
Collections have become an important component of several breeding programmes at both the national and international levels since advances in the development of new and acceptable crop varieties and hybrids are to a greater extent dependent on the diversity of resource materials at the breeder’s disposal (Atokple et al. 2003). For development of new variety, we collected and estimated the agronomic characteristics of sorghum germplasm from local area, out of country and genebank of RDA. We selected elite lines from diverse sorghum germplasm on the basis of flowering date, plant height and several morphological characters for new variety. The main sorghum breeding objective was the development of local mechanical harvestable cultivars with high functional ingredients.
○ Title : Breeding for processing properties of red bean(vigna angularis)
The purpose of this study was to develop elite lines for processing properties of azuki-bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi]. In order to breed excellent varieties with high processing properties and high quality, it was crossed 60combination and total 4500 F1 seed were harvested in 2012 – 2014. To evaluated breeding, the 3335 line in of 571 redbean combinations were planted, 964 lines of 566 redbean cross combinations were selected.
To evaluation or regional adaption yield trials to next year, severl elite line breeding lines, including a SA9905-14-1-4-3-4-1, SA9906-5-4-1-1-1-5, SA9910-12-2-4-3-5-3, SA0309-11-2-1, SA0206-2B-1-1-3-2, SA0007-3B-1-1-3-3, YA0817-2B-2S-5-2, SA0208-2B-3-5-4-1, YA0820-2B-10-3, YA0826-2B-2S-6-3, SA0208-2B-3-5-4-4-3-3, YA0808-2B-2S-6-3, were selected
As the result of regional adaption yield trials, four new cultivar, such as “huinguseul, Yeonduchae, Seona, Huinnarae, were developed and released to famer’s field.
○ Title : Development of millet variety for cropping system
New millet varieties of 3 foxtail millet, 2 proso millet, and 1 barnyard millet were developed from 2012 to 2014 year for the meeting of demand of consumer and farmer. The 3 varieties of foxtail were ‘chohwangme’ (milyang 5) developed in 2012, ‘dahwangme’(milyang 7) in 2013, and ‘daname(milyan g10) in 2014. The proso millet were ’hwangsilchal’(milyang2) developed in 2012, and ‘geumsilchal’(milyang5) in2014. The barn yard millet was ‘sodamjik’ which has a characteristics of very early maturing and short stem. All the verities were developed by pureline selection.
And applicated or registrated foxtail millet and proso millet varieties were produced 610kg and 260kg every each year for the rapid supplication of new verities.
○ Title : Chemical and functional components, and nutrition characteristics of cereal crops The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant compounds and activities of the foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauvios), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), adzuki bean (Vigna angularis var. Nipponensis), and barnyard millet (Echinochloa crus-galli var. Frumentacea) according to production years and varieties. The production years were 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, and the cultivated varieties were Setaria italica Beauvios cv. Gyeongkwan 1, Gyeongkwan 2, Samdame, Samdachal, Chohwangme and Hwanggeum, and Panicum miliaceum L. cv. Manhongchal (MHC), Ibaekchal (IBC), Hwanggeum (HG) and Hwangsirchal (HSC), and orghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Hwanggeumchal, Daepung, Jungmo 4001, Donganme and Nampungchal, and Vigna angularis var. Nipponensis cv. Geomguseul, Kyungwon, Kumsil, Saegil, Arari, Yungum, Jungbu, Joongwon, Chungju, Chilbo and Hongeon, and Echinochloa crus-galli var. Frumentacea cv. Miryang 1 (MY1), Miryang 2 (MY2), Miryang 3 (MY3) and Surecheom (SRC; check variety). The antioxidant compounds in the ethanolic extract were measured by spectrophotometric methods, and antioxidative activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TE).
The moisture, protein, ash, and mineral contents of the foxtail millet did not significantly change with the production years and varieties. The extraction yield in foxtail millet with production years (2010, 2011 and 2012) were 4.78±0.40, 5.42±0.58 and 5.77±0.67%, respectively. Total polyphenol contents with production years were 43.96~60.39, 34.52~49.71 and 38.19~45.95 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g ethanolic extracts (EE), respectively. The highest total polyphenol contents were 60.39±0.87 mg GAE/g EE in the Gyeongkwan 2 by 2012. Total flavonoid contents with production years were 10.57~18.63, 6.87~17.34 and 4.24~10.91 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g EE, respectively. The highest total flavonoid contents were 18.63±0.87 mg GAE/g EE in the Hwanggeum by 2012. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 9.65~23.51 and 26.50~54.31 mg TE/g EE, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 23.51±1.45, and 54.31±0.05 mg TE/g EE in the Gyeongkwan 1 by 2012, and Hwanggeum by 2010.
The moisture, protein, ash, and mineral contents of the proso millet did not significantly change with the production years and varieties. The extraction yield in MHC, IBC, HG, and HSC with production years were 4.60±0.10, 4.79±0.45, 5.02±0.39 and 4.65±0.58%, respectively. Total polyphenol contents with production years (2010, 2011 and 2012) were 23.14~39.99, 27.07~48.26 and 22.22~48.26 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g ethanolic extracts (EE), respectively. Total flavonoid contents were 6.23~11.33, 5.34~13.88 and 6.21~8.80 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g EE, respectively. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 48.26±3.35 mg GAE/g EE and 13.88±0.04 mg CE/g EE in the HSC by 2011.
The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 5.51~24.78 and 9.17~32.94 mg TE/g EE, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 24.78±0.94, and 32.94±1.71 mg TE/g EE in the HG by 2012, respectively.
The moisture, protein, and ash content of the sorghum did not significantly change with the production years and varieties. However mineral contents (K, Ca, Mg and Na) had significant changes. The extraction yield in sorghum with production years (2011 and 2012) were 5.70±0.43 and 5.11±0.51%, respectively. Total polyphenol contents with production years were 55.42~289.45 and 67.76~133.33 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g ethanolic extracts (EE), respectively. Total flavonoid contents with production years were 19.92~161.72 and 25.77~99.71 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g EE, respectively. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 289.45 mg GAE/g EE and 161.72 mg CE/g EE in the DAM sorghum production in 2011. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 20.75~217.94 and 32.65~229.92 mg TE/g EE, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 217.94 and 229.92 mg TE/g EE in the Donganme sorghum production in 2011.
The moisture, protein, ash, and mineral contents of the adzuki bean did not significantly change with the production years and varieties. The extraction yield in adzuki bean with production years (2010, 2011 and 2012) were 2.93±0.27, 3.00±0.50 and 2.65±0.31%, respectively. Total polyphenol contents with production years were 39.35~56.70, 38.48~77.21 and 52.12~79.74 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g ethanolic extracts (EE), respectively. Total flavonoid contents with production years were 29.12~51.17, 24.17~69.23 and 43.84~76.66 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g EE, respectively. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 79.74 mg GAE/g EE and 76.66 mg CE/g EE in the produced Hongeon in the year 2012. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 28.85~88.20 and 40.80~128.02 mg TE/g EE, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 217.94 and 229.92 mg TE/g EE in the produced Chilbo production in the year 2011.
The moisture, protein, fat, ash, and mineral contents of the barnyard millets did not significantly change with the production years and varieties. Total polyphenol contents of MY2 with production years (2011, 2012 and 2013) were 3.77, 3.20 and 3.95 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, however SRC were 2.66, 2.34 and 2.75 mg GAE/g sample, respectively. Total flavonoid contents were 0.59, 0.32 and 0.57 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g sample, however SRC were 0.19, 0.18 and 0.23 mg CE/g sample, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 121.35~344.05 and 277.48~617.14 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g sample, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 344.05±28.76, and 617.14±25.42 mg TE/g sample in the MY2 by 2013 and 2011, respectively. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant compounds and activity in barnyard millets are considered to have significant health benefits.
This study evaluated the antioxidant compounds and activities of ethanolic extracts from adzuki beans following varieties and cultivation methods. The cultivated varieties were Vigna angularis var. Nipponensis cv. Chungju-pat (CJP), Hongeon (HE), and Arari (ARR). To determine the chemical composition of the ethanolic extracts, total polyphenol and flavonoid content were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Extracts were also evaluated for antioxidative activities by DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities. The total polyphenol content in CJP, HE, and ARR was 11.40~12.68, 10.86~11.70, and 10.27~11.18 mg GAE/g sample, respectively. The highest total polyphenol content was 12.68 mg GAE/g sample in CJP of seeding date 15 June and planting interval 25 cm. The total flavonoid content in CJP, HE, and ARR was 2.41~2.51, 1.87~2.09, and 1.89~2.31 mg CE/g sample, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of ethanolic extracts in CJP were 8.46~9.29 and 14.87~16.21 mg TE/g sample, and in ARR were 5.98~7.25 and 10.78~13.59 mg TE/g sample, respectively. A significant correlation was also noted between free radical-scavenging activity and phenolic compounds.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant compounds and activities of the adzuki beans (Vigna angularis var. Nipponensis) according to variety. The cultivated varieties were Miryang 1 (MY1)∼Miryang 24 (MY24), and Chungju-pat (CJP). The antioxidant compounds in the ethanolic extract were measured by spectrophotometric methods, and antioxidative activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TE). The moisture, protein, fat, ash, and mineral contents of the adzuki beans did not significantly change with the variety. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 1.40∼4.72 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample and 0.12∼2.00 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g sample, respectively. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 4.72±0.22 mg GAE/g sample and 2.00±0.03 mg CE/g sample in the MY1 and MY18, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 1.67∼9.35 and 2.32∼13.07 mg TE/g sample, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 9.35±0.91, and 13.07±0.71 mg TE/g sample in the MY1 and MY10, respectively. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant compounds and activity in adzuki beans are considered to have significant health benefits.
○ Title : Development and evaluation of new food processing of miscellaneous cereal
At first, For using high antioxidant activities of sorghum extracts, we investigated the most effective extraction method of bran of new variety ‘Donganme’ and the extracts were treated at Yukwa and muffin. The added contents of sorghum bran to Yukwa were 1% and 5% as bran powder of ‘Donganme’(BPD 1%, 5%) and 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% as bran powder extracts of‘Donganme’(BED 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%). The contents of protein, ash and minerals of BPD 1% and 5% added Yukwa were increased compared to non-added and BED 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% added Yukwa. The contents of flavonoid of BPD 1% and 5% and BED 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% added Yukwa were increased by 1.6 ~ 17.1 fold, and the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were increased by 1.8 ~ 7.4 fold and 2.3 ~ 13.6 fold, respectively, compared to non-added Yukwa. The Yukwa added BED 1% showed the highest antioxidant activity among treatments, followed added BPD 5%, BED 0.5%, BPD 1%, and BED 0.1%. The expansion ratio of BPD 5% and BED 1% added Yukwa were remarkably decreased compared to non-added and other treatments. The sensory evaluation values were showed the similar tendency of the results of Yukwa expansion ratio. The acid values of Yukwa in condition of high temperature storage(60±1℃) were increased rapidly after 20days in all treatments and BPD 5% and 1% added Yukwa increased slowly than non-added Yukwa, relatively. ABTS radical scavenging activities of Yukwa showed a little change during storage time in all treatments. As the results, the adding contents of sorghum bran were suitable below BPD 1% and BED 0.5% considering antioxidant activity, quality characteristics and sensory evaluation. The muffin added sorghum bran were investigated, also.
As the second experiment, we investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of dry noodles with addition of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) flour from glutinous and non-glutinous varieties. The sorghum varieties used in this study were glutinous ‘Hwaggumchal’ and non-glutinous ‘Donganme’, and the contents added to noodles were ‘Hwaggumchal’ 5%, ‘Hwaggumchal’ 10%, ‘Donganme’ 5%, and ‘Donganme’ 10%. The turbidity of soup of cooked noodles was increased by addition of sorghum flour. The cooking loss of ‘Hwaggumchal’ flour added noodles (HFN) was greater than that of ‘Donganme’ flour added noodles (DFN), reflecting endosperm characteristics. Phenolic compounds such as polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents and antioxidant activity of sorghum flour added noodles were increased in proportion to the amounts of added sorghum flour. In the added varieties, DFN showed greater amounts of phenolic compounds and higher levels of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than HFN. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 5~10% DFN were increased by 4.6~6.2 fold and 10.5~13.4 fold, respectively, compared to non-added noodles. Regarding cooking effects, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of sorghum flour added noodles were increased by 10.9~11.2% after cooking. In sensory evaluation, color and appearance value were highest in HFN, and no differences in taste and overall acceptability were observed among treatments.
As the third experiment, we investigated possibility of horticultural crop of the miscellaneous crop as the inedible utilization, and selected some genetic resources as the flowering plant. At the last, various miscellaneous cereal were floured and investigated the characteristics for food processing. Cookie and Sikhe were made by theses flours and investigated the characteristics.
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