초록 ▼

Ⅰ. 서론
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적
우월적 지위를 이용한 군대내 성폭력 사건이 언론에 보도되면서 많은 국민들의 우려가 높아진 가운데 국방부는 2015년부터 성폭력 대책을 발표하며 근절을 위한 조치를 강력하게 추진하고 있다. 군은 다양한 신고 절차를 만들어 홍보하고 있다.
그러나 피해자 신원에 대한 비밀보장 미비 및 2차피해에 대한 두려움으로 신고율은 저조하다. 본 연구에서는 군대내 성폭력 피해자 보호에 중점을 두고 관련 제도, 피해자 보호와 한계, 남성 성폭력 현황, 성고충상담관 및 양성평등상담관의 도덕적 책무와

Ⅰ. 서론
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적
우월적 지위를 이용한 군대내 성폭력 사건이 언론에 보도되면서 많은 국민들의 우려가 높아진 가운데 국방부는 2015년부터 성폭력 대책을 발표하며 근절을 위한 조치를 강력하게 추진하고 있다. 군은 다양한 신고 절차를 만들어 홍보하고 있다.
그러나 피해자 신원에 대한 비밀보장 미비 및 2차피해에 대한 두려움으로 신고율은 저조하다. 본 연구에서는 군대내 성폭력 피해자 보호에 중점을 두고 관련 제도, 피해자 보호와 한계, 남성 성폭력 현황, 성고충상담관 및 양성평등상담관의 도덕적 책무와 군 보고체계의 딜레마, 군내 성폭력 예방 및 대응의 한계와 미군의 제한적 신고제도의 도입 가능성을 분석해 보고자 한다.

2. 연구방법
군대내 성폭력 피해자 보호의 문제와 개선방안을 논의하기 위해 군대내 성폭력 신고 관련 법과 제도를 살펴보고, 군 성폭력 신고제도 관련 외국사례(미국, 프랑스)를 분석하고, 성폭력 양성평등상담관, 군 성폭력예방교육 전문강사, 지휘관 경험자인 현역 및 예비역 간부를 대상으로 인터뷰를 실시하였다.

( 출처 : 연구요약 6p )

Abstract ▼

As media reports about sexual violence in the military have raised the concerns of policy makers and the public, the Ministry of Defense has started to take a firmer position than ever to eradicate sexual violence.
The military is making and promoting various reporting procedures.
However, the

As media reports about sexual violence in the military have raised the concerns of policy makers and the public, the Ministry of Defense has started to take a firmer position than ever to eradicate sexual violence.
The military is making and promoting various reporting procedures.
However, the reporting rate is low due to a lack of confidentiality regarding the victim's identity and fear of a second victimization. This study analyzes the system connected to protecting victims of sexual violence in the military, the protection of victims and limitations, the current conditions of sexual violence against males, moral responsibilities of grievance counselors and gender equality counselors and the dilemmas of the military reporting system, the limitations of sexual violence prevention and response in the military, and the possibility of introducing the limited reporting system from the United States.

In order to discuss the protection of victims of sexual violence in the military and how to improve it, we first examined laws and systems related to reporting sexual violence in the military. Second, we analyzed foreign cases (United States, France) related to military sexual violence reporting systems. Third, interviews were conducted with gender equality counselors, professional lecturers for military sexual violence prevention education, and active commanding officers and reserve officers.

Based on the content analyzed in this study, our policy recommendations are as follows.

The proposals are divided into tasks related to reviewing the possibility of introducing a limited reporting system, and those tasks related to vitalizing the reporting of sexual violence in the military.

First, in relation to reviewing the possibility of applying a limited reporting system, it is first necessary to amend relevant laws and regulations related to the introduction of a limited reporting system.
According to Article 43 of the current Framework Act on Military Status and Service, "Anyone who becomes aware of sexual molestation or sexual violence must immediately report it to a supervisor, military human rights protection officer, or a military investigation agency." Article 52 of the same Framework Act has penalty provisions, but while Article 43 makes it obligatory to report, in Article 52, there are no provisions for penalizing those who violate their duty to report. If there is an obligation to report, but no penalty for violating that obligation in the same law's system, it is necessary to add a provision through a clause that says, "If the victim clearly stated his or her intention to use the limited reporting system, the sexual grievance counselor shall be exempted from the obligation to report to superiors and military investigative authorities" such as in the current Article 43 Paragraph 1 of the Framework Act on Military Status and Service.

Second, a human infrastructure should be constructed.
In the case of Korea, professionals who specialize in sexual grievances are placed at the troop level or above. If a limited reporting system is introduced, counseling and support for victims, links with external support agencies, securing evidence for criminal investigations, and dedicated personnel in charge of victims are needed. At present, it is impossible to smoothly carry out these tasks at the scale of the sexual grievance counselor in Korea, so related personnel recruitment and education are required. If the resources of the military are insufficient, it is necessary to connect with civilian agencies.

The following are issues related to the vitalization of sexual violence reporting in the military.

First, it is necessary to strengthen accessibility to the reporting system for victims of sexual violence. Confidence in the reporting system should be raised to reflect a guarantee of confidential counseling and measures to respect the victim's intentions. Most of the reporting system is specialized for adaptation to barracks life and handling female grievances, so measures are needed to encourage males to report sexual violence. It is necessary to organize a separate, single system for the prevention of and response to sexual violence, such as the US Army's SAPRO, in the Ministry of National Defense, and to newly open a hotline for both male and female victims.

Second, the counselor must be guaranteed the authority to keep confidentiality. According to interviews in this study, counselors often experience conflict between their obligation to report and the ethics of keeping the victim's confidentiality. Relevant regulations should be amended to ensure that immunity is granted when counselors are responsible for victim protection and confidentiality.

Third, a settlement system for handling sexual harassment cases should be introduced. Unofficial dispute resolution systems can be used in cases where the penalty is low, such as sexual harassment that does not constitute a criminal offense. Adopting such a procedure may provide counseling not only for the victim, but also other relevant parties, such as the perpetrator, and together they may discuss matters and draw up a third alternative rather than punishment.

Fourth, disadvantageous measures that are taken in response to incidents in the unit should be abolished. Disadvantageous measures that are taken when an incident is discovered are ones in which the victim is separated from other members of the organization, the victim cannot be supported by good colleagues, and the victim suffers from guilt.
Disadvantageous measures taken in response to incidents in the unit should be abolished immediately to protect victims and prevent secondary victimization.

Fifth, we propose policy considerations to support male victims.
Military personnel perceive the National Defense Women and Family Policy Division, which carries out sexual violence prevention work, as a department that mainly supports female victims. Supportive policies for comprehensive prevention and responses for male victims, who constitute the majority of military personnel, are needed.

Sixth, customized sexual violence prevention education should be implemented. Most of the education is large-scale, one-sided lecture education. In order to increase the effectiveness of education, there should be more small-scale, discussion-type classes. Also, gender equality education should be conducted for executives in the military who are not familiar with gender-equal culture because they have had almost no experience working with women as colleagues.

Seventh, multi-level efforts are needed to improve the military organization culture. There is a need to encourage frontline troops' efforts for gender equality and the prevention of sexual violence by establishing a Sexual Violence Prevention Innovation Award or a Best Unit in Gender Equality Award. The US Army gives awards to excellent people of merit who respond to sexual violence or prevent sexual violence. Sexual violence among men is often a case where a senior feminizes a junior, and there are many cases of sexual harassment and sexual molestation. This is because gender is projected onto rank, so it is necessary to improve awareness about gender equality, raise sensitivity to human rights, and improve awareness about the abuse of rank. Also, efforts should be made to increase the proportion of women in high positions through the recruitment of talented female personnel.
There is the opinion that female soldiers are vulnerable to sexual violence because not only do they account for only 5 to 7 percent of the total of all executive positions, but they also hold a lower rate of high positions.

Finally, an organized system should be built to prevent and respond to sexual violence.

For this purpose, the Ministry of National Defense first needs a labor force to respond to sexual violence and a support function. Furthermore, an appropriately sized labor force and budget should be secured for each branch of the military. In addition, incentives should be provided to enhance the work expertise and careers of gender equality counselors.

Instead of the practice of giving promotions centered on male position and career, incentives should be given to counselors to ensure that an excellent workforce will perform tasks in sexual violence prevention and response. In addition, it is necessary to enhance the transparency and credibility of sexual violence prevention and response by systematically ensuring the participation of external experts in the military. External experts, such as the Navy's recent "Civilian-Government-Military Special Advisory Committee on Sexual Violence Prevention" should be allowed to participate more in policy development about regulations and guidelines, improving systems, and processing grievances, and aiding in the prevention of and response to sexual violence.

( 출처 : Abstract 142p )

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 발간사 ... 4
• 연구요약 ... 6
• 목차 ... 18
• 표목차 ... 21
• 그림목차 ... 22
• Ⅰ. 서 론 ... 24
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ... 26
• 2. 연구방법 ... 28
• Ⅱ. 군대내 성폭력 신고 관련 연구 및 법･제도 ... 32
• 1. 군대내 성폭력 신고의 어려움 ... 34
• 가. 군대내 성폭력 발생 정도 ... 34
• 나. 군대내 성폭력 신고의 어려움 ... 35
• 다. 군대내 성폭력 신고 활성화와 피해자 지원의 중요성 ... 36
• 2. 군대내 성폭력 관련 법･규정 ... 37
• 가. 군대내 성폭력에 대한 사회적 관심 대두 ... 37
• 나. 군대내 성폭력 피해자 지원 법･규정 ... 38
• 3. 군대내 성폭력 피해자 지원제도 ... 45
• 가. 성폭력 예방 ... 45
• 나. 성폭력 대응 ... 46
• 4. 소결 ... 50
• Ⅲ. 미국의 제한적 신고제도 ... 52
• 1. 제한적 신고제도 도입배경 ... 54
• 2. 신고제도의 정의와 과정 ... 55
• 가. 제한적 신고와 비제한적 신고 ... 55
• 나. 각 신고제도의 특성 ... 55
• 다. 제한적 신고의 과정 ... 57
• 라. 비제한적 신고의 과정 ... 58
• 3. 제한적 신고제도 현황 ... 59
• 가. 신고 및 신고전환 현황 ... 59
• 나. 제한적 신고의 피해자 현황 ... 62
• 다. 전투지역에서의 신고 현황 ... 63
• 라. 신고제도 이용자 대상 조사결과 ... 64
• 4. 제한적 신고 제도의 향후과제 ... 67
• 5. 소결 ... 69
• Ⅳ. 군대내 성폭력 신고 관련 현황 및 문제점: 면담자료 분석 ... 72
• 1. 군대내 성폭력 신고 현황 ... 74
• 가. 상담관의 성폭력 신고접수 ... 74
• 나. 국방헬프콜을 통한 신고접수 ... 75
• 다. 신고접수 이후 피해자 보호조치의 어려움 ... 76
• 2. 성폭력 신고의 어려움 ... 77
• 가. 성폭력 신고를 꺼림 ... 77
• 나. 피해신고로 인한 불이익에 대한 두려움 ... 78
• 다. 피해신고 이후 2차피해에 대한 두려움 ... 79
• 라. 병사 입장에서 성폭력 신고의 어려움 ... 80
• 마. 신고채널의 문제점 ... 82
• 3. 성폭력 신고접수와 관련된 상담관의 고충 ... 83
• 4. 성폭력 신고와 관련된 지휘관의 고충 ... 85
• 가. 지휘관의 고충 ... 85
• 나. 지휘관의 사건대응 역량 ... 87
• 5. 성폭력 신고 활성화를 위한 향후과제 ... 88
• 가. 성폭력 사건발생 부대 대상 불이익 조치 지양 ... 88
• 나. 피해자 비난 및 여성 배제 조치 지양 ... 89
• 다. 성폭력 신고 활성화를 위한 전문 조직 설립 ... 91
• 6. 소결 ... 93
• Ⅴ. 정책제언 ... 96
• 1. 제한적 신고제도 도입가능성 검토 ... 98
• 가. 제한적 신고제도(restricted report)의 장점 ... 98
• 나. 제한적 신고제도 도입 관련 설문조사 실시 ... 100
• 다. 제한적 신고제 도입 관련 법･규정 개정 ... 100
• 라. 인적 인프라 구축 ... 101
• 마. 제한적 신고제도 도입시 우려되는 점 ... 102
• 바. 친고죄 폐지와 제한적 신고제도의 상충 여부 ... 104
• 2. 신고 활성화 관련 정책과제 ... 104
• 가. 성폭력예방 및 피해신고 관련 단일조직 체계 구축 ... 105
• 나. 상담관의 비밀유지 권한 보장 ... 105
• 다. 성희롱 사건 처리를 위한 조정제도 도입 ... 106
• 라. 사고부대에 대한 불이익 조치 폐지 ... 107
• 마. 남성 피해자 지원을 위한 정책 강구 ... 107
• 참고문헌 ... 110
• 부록 ... 116
• 부록1. 관련 법령 ... 118
• 부록2. 프랑스 테미스 설립 관련 공지 및 홍보물 ... 129
• Abstract ... 142
• 끝페이지 ... 148