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Kafe 바로가기주관연구기관 | 한국행정연구원 Korea Institute of Public Administration |
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연구책임자 | 정동재 |
참여연구자 | 박중훈 , 박준 , 진경애 |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 | 한국어 |
발행년월 | 2017-12 |
과제시작연도 | 2016 |
주관부처 | 국무조정실 The Office for Government Policy Coordination |
등록번호 | TRKO201800022557 |
과제고유번호 | 1105011115 |
사업명 | 한국행정연구원 |
DB 구축일자 | 2018-06-23 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201800022557 |
1. 연구배경 및 필요성
□ 연구의 필요성과 목적
○ 공공부문의 부패실태 및 규모를 주기적으로 분석하고, 이를 통해 부패 취약분야의 파악과 부패통제 방안 등을 고려하여 바람직한 반부패정책방향 등을 모색하기 위해 한국행정연구원에서 2000년 이후 매년 계속과제로 수행
- 한국행정연구원에서 수행하는 과제 중 가장 오랜 기간 동안 주기적으로 수행되어온 조사과제로서, 2017년 수행된 조사결과까지 포함할 경우 16번째에 이르고 있음
○ 「정부부문 부패실태조사」는 직접적 이해당사자인 공직자나 일반국민들을
1. 연구배경 및 필요성
□ 연구의 필요성과 목적
○ 공공부문의 부패실태 및 규모를 주기적으로 분석하고, 이를 통해 부패 취약분야의 파악과 부패통제 방안 등을 고려하여 바람직한 반부패정책방향 등을 모색하기 위해 한국행정연구원에서 2000년 이후 매년 계속과제로 수행
- 한국행정연구원에서 수행하는 과제 중 가장 오랜 기간 동안 주기적으로 수행되어온 조사과제로서, 2017년 수행된 조사결과까지 포함할 경우 16번째에 이르고 있음
○ 「정부부문 부패실태조사」는 직접적 이해당사자인 공직자나 일반국민들을 대상으로 하는 부패실태조사와 달리, 직무수행상 직・간접적으로 공직자들과 접촉할 가능성이 높은 기업활동 종사자들을 대상으로 공공/정부부문의 부패실태 규모를 파악하고 시계열 자료분석을 통해 공직부패의 변화추이를 조망
○ 정부/공공부문의 부패에 대한 기업활동 종사자들의 인식과 경험관련 데이터를 주기적・체계적으로 축적・관리하며, 정책결정자 및 일반국민, 학문연구자 등에게 조사자료 제공 목적
○ 종래 수행된 본 조사연구의 목적 이외에, 2017년도 조사는 한국행정연구원에서 수행한 통합과제인 「청탁금지법 시대 한국사회의 부패인식과 경험」의 2번째 파트로서, 서베이 방식의 조사연구에서 응답자의 부패관련 주관적인 인식과 부패관련 경험간 관계를 파악하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 역할을 동시에 수행
(출처 : 국문요약 24p)
As an annual survey intended for measuring the level of public corruption in Korean society and making the related public data available, this study has been conducted by the Korean Institute of Public Administration (KIPA) since the year 2000. This year, which makes the 16th data collection for the
As an annual survey intended for measuring the level of public corruption in Korean society and making the related public data available, this study has been conducted by the Korean Institute of Public Administration (KIPA) since the year 2000. This year, which makes the 16th data collection for the study (research was not done during 2002-2003), the research also targeted 1,000 businesspeople (600 people working in corporations and 400 self-employed people) working in Korean society to measure the level of public corruption in terms of their corruption-related perceptions and direct and indirect experiences during the communication process with public officials. Besides being an annual research survey of KIPA, this study also has another research goal: to discover the relationship between people’s perceptions of and experiences with government corruption.
As part of KIPA’s integrated research project on public corruption (“An Analysis of the Relationship between Corruption-related Perceptions and Experiences in Korean Society under a New Anti-Corruption Paradigm”), this research provides basic data for understanding the relationship between respondents’ perceptions of and experiences with public corruption.
In the previous 16 surveys (2000-2017), respondents’ perceptions of government corruption (specifically on the matters of seriousness, comprehensiveness, and rate of change) have been consistently negative: in spite of some fluctuation during that time, 55 – 80% o businesspeople who responded in those 16 surveys tended to consider the government and public sector as corrupt. Interestingly, the level of direct and indirect corruption experienced by businesspeople while in contact with public officials has consistently decreased; since the year 2013, that level has been less than 2%. This indicates that there is a huge gap between respondents’ corruption-related perceptions and their experiences.
To explore public corruption perceptions, a multi-level survey was conducted. In terms of public service areas, businesspeople tend to consider public officials in the judiciary (35.8%), construction (34.5%), taxation (30.4%), law enforcement (28.3%), and public procurement (14.7%) fields as more corrupt than officials in other areas. In terms of corruption by administrative level, street-level offices, including police stations, tax offices, and education offices under the leadership of the central government (3.97 out of 6) were considered the most corrupt. With respect to occupation, businesspeople view those who work in conglomerates (4.25 out of a 6) and the media (4.00) in the private sector as the most corrupt. The sports (3.88), judicial (3.85), law (3.80), public affairs (3.79), legislative and military areas (3.78) followed closely behind when it comes to negative perceptions on corruption. Respondents tend to consider politicians (4.98) as the most corrupt, followed by high-ranking public officials (4.48), judicial officials (4.37), construction officials (4.06), and tax officials (4.00).
In terms of causes of corruption in the public sector, businesspeople consider the following as serious factors: (1) public sector practices in which bribery, grafting, and extortion in the process of public duties, have been routinized (4.46 out of 6); (2) an unreasonable social climate in which unethical behaviors gain acceptance (4.29); (3) nepotism (4.36). Moreover, lax punishment for corrupted public officials (4.49) and a relatively short legal prescription of punishment for corrupted officials (4.41) are also considered by businesspeople as factors encouraging public corruption. To prevent corruption in the public sector, businesspeople tend to consider strengthening punishments for corrupted officials (4.79) and extending the legal prescription to punish corruption (4.66) as the first and foremost conditions. In addition, reforming the corruption-inducing culture and limiting the exercise of influence in private relationships are also needed, according to respondents.
Based on this survey output, this study conducted interviews of some related policy actors – including scholars, civic activists, and public officials working in the areas of anti-corruption policy and public auditing – to elicit some helpful comments and advice in the process of interpreting the survey results. Many interviewees made comments that were constructive for relevantly understanding the level of public corruption in Korea and how to make a desirable anti-corruption policy. The first suggestion is related to the necessity of reconsidering the definition of corruption. Social science scholars have traditionally defined government corruption as giving and receiving economic value – including monies and kickbacks. However, the survey results indicate that respondents tend to see corruption in the public sector with a broader perspective that includes not only receiving and providing bribes to public officials, but also soliciting for private gain and committing unethical behaviors inside and outside of public office. This broader interpretation of corruption makes possible a considerable discrepancy between respondents’ corruption-related perceptions and (in)direct experiences. They subjectively tend to interpret corrupt actions with broader perspectives, while they consider their own corruption-related experiences more restrictively.
Their perceptions of corruption might also be influenced by some environmental factors, such as media coverage and political accessibility, which means their perceptions are biased due to several environmental and contextual factors respondents face.
Some scholars argue the necessity of systematic data collection and management efforts to reasonably measure the level of government corruption. To do so, the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, as the main related government agency, should make all public agencies responsible for submitting and reporting finding on corrupt public officials and related cases periodically. The systematic collection and accumulation of related corruption data in the public sector can be helpful for allowing scholars and the public to easily understand both the scale of corruption, and which areas are vulnerable to corruption. Finally, current institutional reform for anti-corruption policy should be fine-tuned to make a substantial policy effect. For example, the current whistleblowing policy is rendered ineffective due to an unrealistic policy prescription focusing on the guarantee of the safety of the whistleblower’s status in the workplace. Under the current climate, the whistleblower is perceived as a “conspirator” in the workplace, and few people would undertake such a brave action, knowing the immense difficulties that they will have to face. Therefore, more realistic reforms of the current whistleblowing system and related laws should be made.
(출처 : 영문요약 43p)
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총연구비 (DetailSeriesProject) : | - |
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과제수행기간(LeadAgency) : | - |
연구목표(Goal) : | - |
연구내용(Abstract) : | - |
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