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Kafe 바로가기주관연구기관 | 한국행정연구원 Korea Institute of Public Administration |
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연구책임자 | 정동재 |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 | 한국어 |
발행년월 | 2016-12 |
과제시작연도 | 2016 |
주관부처 | 국무조정실 The Office for Government Policy Coordination |
등록번호 | TRKO201800022522 |
과제고유번호 | 1105011115 |
사업명 | 한국행정연구원 |
DB 구축일자 | 2018-06-23 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201800022522 |
1. 연구배경 및 필요성
□ 연구의 필요성 및 목적
○ 공직사회에서 발생하는 부패 및 비리행위의 규모는 정확한 파악이 어려우나, 언론을 통해 국민들에게 알려지는 부정부패 행위는 매년 끊이지 않고 발생하고 있음. 2016년에도 진경준 검사장의 넥슨주식 특혜매입 및 뇌물수수와 같은 각종 법조비리, 서울 구의역 스크린도어 사망사건과 관련하여 이른바 ‘메피아’로 비유되는 퇴직관료들의 유관기업 재취업 및 영향력 행사, 정치인과 고위공직자, 그리고 기업인들이 상호유착하여 특정이익을 추구하는 카르텔화된 권력형 비리사건 등이 발생하였음
1. 연구배경 및 필요성
□ 연구의 필요성 및 목적
○ 공직사회에서 발생하는 부패 및 비리행위의 규모는 정확한 파악이 어려우나, 언론을 통해 국민들에게 알려지는 부정부패 행위는 매년 끊이지 않고 발생하고 있음. 2016년에도 진경준 검사장의 넥슨주식 특혜매입 및 뇌물수수와 같은 각종 법조비리, 서울 구의역 스크린도어 사망사건과 관련하여 이른바 ‘메피아’로 비유되는 퇴직관료들의 유관기업 재취업 및 영향력 행사, 정치인과 고위공직자, 그리고 기업인들이 상호유착하여 특정이익을 추구하는 카르텔화된 권력형 비리사건 등이 발생하였음
○ 이러한 사회경제적 맥락에 근거하여, 본 연구는 한국행정연구원이 정부부문 부패실태를 파악 및 진단하기 위해 수행한 계속과제로서, 민원인으로서 공무원들과 직·간접적인 연계관계에 있는 일반기업체 및 자영업 종사자 1,000명을 대상으로 공직부문의 부패수준에 대한 인식을 조사하는 연구를 수행
○ 실제 민원인으로서 공무원들과 직무상 접촉하고 상호관계를 가지는 기업인들이 경험하고 인식하는 공직사회 내 관료들의 부패수준은 어느 정도인지, 공직사회 내 어떤 분야나 기능, 업무들이 부패행위와 더욱 연관이 되어있는지, 부패발생을 예방하기 위해 어떠한 정책적·제도적인 노력들이 요구되는지 기업인들의 시각과 견해를 파악
○ 2000년 공공부문 부패실태 조사연구가 처음 시작된 이래 올해까지 총 15차례 조사가 진행되었으며 (2002-2003년 연구 미시행), 이를 통해 반부패 연구를 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 함
(출처 : 국문요약 27p)
As one of the annual research surveys in the Korean Institute of Public Administration (KIPA), this project attempts to analyze the level of corruption in the Korean public sector via a survey of corporate workers and independent businessmen in the private sector. The main goal of this project is to
As one of the annual research surveys in the Korean Institute of Public Administration (KIPA), this project attempts to analyze the level of corruption in the Korean public sector via a survey of corporate workers and independent businessmen in the private sector. The main goal of this project is to systematically collect data on the level of perception of public corruption and to understand the extent of unethical practices happening in the public sector.
With such data analyses, this study also aims to derive some key factors influencing public corruption and consider policy directions for effective anti-corruption governance in Korea.
For this study, 1,000 businessmen working in Korea were selected for the survey based on a geographical quota sampling method. The survey questions were basically composed of three parts: (1) individual experiences of public corruption in their business, (2) perception of public corruption, and (3) key factors leading to public corruption and policy solutions. The survey was conducted across the country from August through September 2016.
With regards to individual experiences on public corruption, almost half of respondents (46.2%) met public officials in the process of their business, and only 3.5% of them said they provided financial or nonfinancial benefits or advantages to related public officials. In terms of administrative functions, businessmen offered these unethical benefits and presents to public officials working in areas of construction (37.5%), tax (12.5%), and food and hygiene (12.5%). In terms of the amount of monies offered for solicitations, half of respondents tended to provide a small amount (less than 100,000 won) to related public officials, and the main method of solicitations was offering meals or drinks (62.5%). About two out of three (62.5%) respondents said that such financial or nonfinancial advantages resulted in the intended effects, while 37.6% said that these unethical practices did not work well in their business. Half of businessmen considered such solicitations and offering financial or nonfinancial benefits as a kind of practice or culture in Korean society.
In terms of perception of public corruption, more than half of businessmen who participated in this survey (57.3%) think that making solicitations and offering gifts to public officials is routinized in Korea, and 62.3% of them also consider such unethical practices to be serious. Interestingly, two out of three respondents argue that such practices have decreased over time (66.2%), and 77% of them consider these kinds of practices and solicitations of public officials as unnecessary. Compared to the private sector, businessmen tend to consider the public sector as being more corrupt. Regarding administrative functions, respondents consider areas on “judicial activities” such as lawyers and prosecutors (64.9%), “constructions” (58.4%), “defense” (56.2%), and “tax” (55%) as more corrupted than other areas. In terms of types of occupations, businessmen think large corporations (62.4%) are most corrupted, followed by the judicial branch (58.1%), media (57.9%), and administration (57.1%).
Considering the types of public occupations, politicians are considered to be most corrupted (79.4%), followed by lawyers (70.2%), high-ranking public officials (67%), and public officials on construction areas (57.8%). Businessmen consider the level of punishment for those providing bribes as generally being too weak (90.4%), and the level of punishment of those public officials receiving bribes as too weak (91.4%). This shows that respondents strongly consider that the current level of legal punishment for those bribed should be intensified to prevent public corruption.
Regarding questions on the reason why public corruption occurs, respondents think (1) routinized unethical practices and culture in Korean society and (2) lax punishment and related administrative systems contribute to the increase of public corruption. To prevent such unethical routinized practices and culture with public corruption, respondents recommended stronger legal punishment and cultural changes in the public sector. Regarding institutions for preventing public corruption, businessmen show strong distrust of the public sector, including political parties, the national assembly, and government, while showing a rather positive perspective on civil society (42.2%). Half of respondents (52.1%) said the current administration makes efforts to prevent public corruption, but regretfully, more than half of them (51.2%) consider such anti-corruption efforts by the current administration as ineffective.
Interestingly, businessmen think the recent new legal effort by the current administration, the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act (aka “Kim Young-Ran Act”) will be helpful for Korean society to decrease the extent of public corruption (63.6%). The implementation of this new law might strongly influence politicians (22. 6%) and public officials (21.9%) more than other types of occupations, according to the survey outcome.
With regards to general public affairs and administration, businessmen responded that government administration is not transparent (65.7%), government tends to not provide enough information for the public, and there are too many unnecessary government regulations for business (70.2%). Moreover, there is not enough civil engagement in the process of public administration and policymaking (72.4%), and two out of three respondents (68.7%) tend to distrust the current administration. In terms of policy areas, respondents show very low satisfaction rates on economic policy (35.2%), tax policy (36%), and disaster management policy (36.3%).
Concerning institutions, the national assembly has the lowest trust rate (26.4%), while those institutions on education (45.4%), civil society (46.6%), and financial areas (46.8%) show a relatively moderate trust rate.
The result of this project shows that there is a considerable negative perspective on public corruption in Korean society, in spite of a relatively low rate of individual experience of public corruption.
Such a strong negative perception and image of public corruption might be due to the role of the mass media, via reporting some massive bribery incidents involving public officials. To prevent public corruption and make a more effective anti-corruption policy, some legal, institutional, and administrative actions and measures should be carefully designed and implemented. Moreover, the recovery of public ethics and integrity in everyday life might be the first step for the public sector in Korea to shift toward ethical and transparent government and governance.
(출처 : 영문요약 40p)
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과제기간(DetailSeriesProject) : | - |
총연구비 (DetailSeriesProject) : | - |
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연구목표(Goal) : | - |
연구내용(Abstract) : | - |
기대효과(Effect) : | - |
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