본 연구는 태권도 품새 발전을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 태권도 협회에서 제정한 공인 품새와 창작 품새의 동작을 영상분석 기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 공인 품새는 유단자 품새로 고려, 금강, 태백, 평원, 십진, 지태, 천권, 한수, 일여 등 9개 품새와 창작 품새는 국기원에서 개최하고 있는 세계태권도 한마당 대회 2회 이상 입상한 고등부 이상의 작품을 대상으로 품새 기술의 특징과 차이점 및 유사점을 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을...
본 연구는 태권도 품새 발전을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 태권도 협회에서 제정한 공인 품새와 창작 품새의 동작을 영상분석 기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 공인 품새는 유단자 품새로 고려, 금강, 태백, 평원, 십진, 지태, 천권, 한수, 일여 등 9개 품새와 창작 품새는 국기원에서 개최하고 있는 세계태권도 한마당 대회 2회 이상 입상한 고등부 이상의 작품을 대상으로 품새 기술의 특징과 차이점 및 유사점을 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 태권도 유단자 공인(公認)품새 중 서기는 앞굽이가 80회(31.5%)로 가장 많게 나타났으며, 뒷굽이 65회(25.6%), 주춤서기 47회(18.5%) 순으로 나타났다. 앞굽이, 뒷굽이, 주춤서기 등이 전체 254회 중 192회(76.6%)로 나타나 보폭이 넓은 서기 위주로 이루어져 있음을 알 수 있다. 창작 품새 역시 앞굽이 25회(28.4%) 뒷굽이25회(28.4%) 주춤서기19회(21.6%) 순으로 나타나 이들 서기가 전체 88회 중 69회(78.4%)를 차지해 공인 품새와 별 다른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 분석에서 보듯이 공인 품새와 창작 품새는 보폭이 넓은 서기위주로 구성되어 민첩성의 결여로 공방의 연속성 등 실전성이 떨어지는 단점을 보였다. 차후 창작 품새를 제정 할 때는 이러한 단점을 보완하고 다양한 동작들로 구성해야 할 것이라 생각된다. 2. 유단자 공인 품새 중 막기는 손날 막기 11회(9.1%), 금강 막기 10회(8.3%), 손날아래막기, 한 손날 아래막기, 산틀막기 등이 각각 8회(6.7%)로 나타났으며 손날 아래 막기, 한 손날 아래막기가 가장 적었다. 전체 34가지 막기 동작 중 손날, 손날 등, 바탕손 등 손을 펴서 막기를 한 횟수는 15가지 53회 (44.2%)를 차지했지만 횟수로 봤을 때 전체 막기 120회 중 53회(44.2%)를 나타내 유단자 전체 막기 중 손을 펴서 막는 것과 주먹을 쥔 상태의 막기(팔목부위로 막기)는 별 차이를 보이지 않았다. 창작 품새는 26가지 막기가 사용되었으며, 전체 막기 중 안 팔목 바깥 막기와 거들어 바깥 막기가 각각 6회(9.7%)로 나타났으며, 아래막기, 가위막기가 각각 4회 (6.5%), 손날 등 몸통 헤쳐 막기, 한 손날 아래 막기, 손날 등 막기, 얼굴 막기, 손날 외산틀 막기, 손날 아래 막기 등이 각각 3회(4.8%)순으로 나타났다. 창작 품새는 전체 120회 막기 중 손날, 손날등, 바탕손 등 손을 펴서 막는 동작이 26회(41.9%)로 주먹을 쥐어(팔목을 사용) 막는 동작 36회(58.1%) 손을 편서 막는 동작보다 높이 나타나 이는 창작 품새 제정 시 손날을 펴서 막는 동작은 부상위험이 커서 의도적으로 주먹을 쥐고 막는 동작이 많이 사용된 것으로 판단된다. 3. 지르기에 있어서, 공인 품새는 10가지 55회 지르기 중 몸통 바로 지르기 26회( 47.3%), 몸통 반대 지르기 13회(26.63%)로 전체 55회 지르기 중 39회(70.9)로 나타나 몸통 바로 지르기와 반대 지르기로 편중되었음을 보였다. 창작 품새 역시 5가지 26회 지르기 중 몸통 지르기가 21회(80.7%)로 나타나 공인 품새와 별 다른 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 몸통 지르기와 반대 지르기가 금강 앞지르기와 솟음 지르기 등 다른 지르기들 보다 공격하기가 용이하여 많이 사용 된 것이라 생각된다. 4. 공인 품새에서 치기는 16가지 총 37회 중 팔굽 표적 치기 5회(13.6%), 등주먹 당겨턱치기, 멍에치기 각각 4회(10.8%), 한손날바깥치기, 바탕손턱치기, 제비품 목치기 각각 3회(8.1%)순으로 나타났다. 창작 품새에서 치기는 11가지 총26회 중 등 주먹 치기 7회(27%), 손날 등 치기 5회(19.2%), 손날치기 4회(15.4%) 순으로 나타났다. 이는 창작 품새가 공인 품새보다 치기 공격이 적게 나타났는데 창작 품새 제정 시 곡선 공격 보다 직선 공격에 치중하였기 때문이라 판단된다. 5. 공인 품새 찌르기 동작 3가지 8회 중 편 손끝 아래 젖혀 찌르기 2회(25%), 편 손끝 세워 찌르기 3회(37.5%), 편 손끝 엎어 찌르기 3회(37.5%)로 나타났으며, 창작 품새는 손끝찌르기 1가지 6회로 나타나 공인 품새, 창작 품새 공히 찌르기의 단조로움을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 분석결과에 나타났듯이 찌르기 공격 은 신체의 약한 손끝 부위로 공격하기 때문에 부상의 염려가 많은 것에 기인된다고 판단된다. 6. 발차기에서 공인 품새는 옆차기13회(30.2%) 앞차기21(48.8), 표적차기3회(7.5%)순으로 앞차기와 옆차기가 34회(79.1%)로 대부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 창작 품새에서는 앞차기 8회(22.9%), 옆차기 7회(20%), 돌려차기6회(17.1%) ,후려차기1회(2.9%), 표적차기2회(5.7%) 뛰어옆차기3회(8.6%) 뛰어 돌려차기1회(2.9%) 돌개차기3회(8.6%), 비틀어차기 1회(2.9%), 표적 앞차기1회(2.9%), 뛰어 앞차기 2회(5.7%) 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 공인 품새는 태권도가 경기화 되기 이전에 제정? 보급되어 앞차기, 옆차기, 표적차기 등 단조로운 발차기로 구성된데 비해 창작 품새는 그동안 각종 경기를 통해 돌개차기, 몸돌아후려차기, 비틀어차기, 나래차기, 뛰어돌려차기, 표적앞차기 등의 화려하고 고난도 발차기들이 개발되어 공인 품새에서 발차기의 단조로움의 단점을 보완하고자 창작 품새에서는 다양하게 사용한 것으로 보여 진다.
본 연구는 태권도 품새 발전을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 태권도 협회에서 제정한 공인 품새와 창작 품새의 동작을 영상분석 기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 공인 품새는 유단자 품새로 고려, 금강, 태백, 평원, 십진, 지태, 천권, 한수, 일여 등 9개 품새와 창작 품새는 국기원에서 개최하고 있는 세계태권도 한마당 대회 2회 이상 입상한 고등부 이상의 작품을 대상으로 품새 기술의 특징과 차이점 및 유사점을 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 태권도 유단자 공인(公認)품새 중 서기는 앞굽이가 80회(31.5%)로 가장 많게 나타났으며, 뒷굽이 65회(25.6%), 주춤서기 47회(18.5%) 순으로 나타났다. 앞굽이, 뒷굽이, 주춤서기 등이 전체 254회 중 192회(76.6%)로 나타나 보폭이 넓은 서기 위주로 이루어져 있음을 알 수 있다. 창작 품새 역시 앞굽이 25회(28.4%) 뒷굽이25회(28.4%) 주춤서기19회(21.6%) 순으로 나타나 이들 서기가 전체 88회 중 69회(78.4%)를 차지해 공인 품새와 별 다른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 분석에서 보듯이 공인 품새와 창작 품새는 보폭이 넓은 서기위주로 구성되어 민첩성의 결여로 공방의 연속성 등 실전성이 떨어지는 단점을 보였다. 차후 창작 품새를 제정 할 때는 이러한 단점을 보완하고 다양한 동작들로 구성해야 할 것이라 생각된다. 2. 유단자 공인 품새 중 막기는 손날 막기 11회(9.1%), 금강 막기 10회(8.3%), 손날아래막기, 한 손날 아래막기, 산틀막기 등이 각각 8회(6.7%)로 나타났으며 손날 아래 막기, 한 손날 아래막기가 가장 적었다. 전체 34가지 막기 동작 중 손날, 손날 등, 바탕손 등 손을 펴서 막기를 한 횟수는 15가지 53회 (44.2%)를 차지했지만 횟수로 봤을 때 전체 막기 120회 중 53회(44.2%)를 나타내 유단자 전체 막기 중 손을 펴서 막는 것과 주먹을 쥔 상태의 막기(팔목부위로 막기)는 별 차이를 보이지 않았다. 창작 품새는 26가지 막기가 사용되었으며, 전체 막기 중 안 팔목 바깥 막기와 거들어 바깥 막기가 각각 6회(9.7%)로 나타났으며, 아래막기, 가위막기가 각각 4회 (6.5%), 손날 등 몸통 헤쳐 막기, 한 손날 아래 막기, 손날 등 막기, 얼굴 막기, 손날 외산틀 막기, 손날 아래 막기 등이 각각 3회(4.8%)순으로 나타났다. 창작 품새는 전체 120회 막기 중 손날, 손날등, 바탕손 등 손을 펴서 막는 동작이 26회(41.9%)로 주먹을 쥐어(팔목을 사용) 막는 동작 36회(58.1%) 손을 편서 막는 동작보다 높이 나타나 이는 창작 품새 제정 시 손날을 펴서 막는 동작은 부상위험이 커서 의도적으로 주먹을 쥐고 막는 동작이 많이 사용된 것으로 판단된다. 3. 지르기에 있어서, 공인 품새는 10가지 55회 지르기 중 몸통 바로 지르기 26회( 47.3%), 몸통 반대 지르기 13회(26.63%)로 전체 55회 지르기 중 39회(70.9)로 나타나 몸통 바로 지르기와 반대 지르기로 편중되었음을 보였다. 창작 품새 역시 5가지 26회 지르기 중 몸통 지르기가 21회(80.7%)로 나타나 공인 품새와 별 다른 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 몸통 지르기와 반대 지르기가 금강 앞지르기와 솟음 지르기 등 다른 지르기들 보다 공격하기가 용이하여 많이 사용 된 것이라 생각된다. 4. 공인 품새에서 치기는 16가지 총 37회 중 팔굽 표적 치기 5회(13.6%), 등주먹 당겨턱치기, 멍에치기 각각 4회(10.8%), 한손날바깥치기, 바탕손턱치기, 제비품 목치기 각각 3회(8.1%)순으로 나타났다. 창작 품새에서 치기는 11가지 총26회 중 등 주먹 치기 7회(27%), 손날 등 치기 5회(19.2%), 손날치기 4회(15.4%) 순으로 나타났다. 이는 창작 품새가 공인 품새보다 치기 공격이 적게 나타났는데 창작 품새 제정 시 곡선 공격 보다 직선 공격에 치중하였기 때문이라 판단된다. 5. 공인 품새 찌르기 동작 3가지 8회 중 편 손끝 아래 젖혀 찌르기 2회(25%), 편 손끝 세워 찌르기 3회(37.5%), 편 손끝 엎어 찌르기 3회(37.5%)로 나타났으며, 창작 품새는 손끝찌르기 1가지 6회로 나타나 공인 품새, 창작 품새 공히 찌르기의 단조로움을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 분석결과에 나타났듯이 찌르기 공격 은 신체의 약한 손끝 부위로 공격하기 때문에 부상의 염려가 많은 것에 기인된다고 판단된다. 6. 발차기에서 공인 품새는 옆차기13회(30.2%) 앞차기21(48.8), 표적차기3회(7.5%)순으로 앞차기와 옆차기가 34회(79.1%)로 대부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 창작 품새에서는 앞차기 8회(22.9%), 옆차기 7회(20%), 돌려차기6회(17.1%) ,후려차기1회(2.9%), 표적차기2회(5.7%) 뛰어옆차기3회(8.6%) 뛰어 돌려차기1회(2.9%) 돌개차기3회(8.6%), 비틀어차기 1회(2.9%), 표적 앞차기1회(2.9%), 뛰어 앞차기 2회(5.7%) 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 공인 품새는 태권도가 경기화 되기 이전에 제정? 보급되어 앞차기, 옆차기, 표적차기 등 단조로운 발차기로 구성된데 비해 창작 품새는 그동안 각종 경기를 통해 돌개차기, 몸돌아후려차기, 비틀어차기, 나래차기, 뛰어돌려차기, 표적앞차기 등의 화려하고 고난도 발차기들이 개발되어 공인 품새에서 발차기의 단조로움의 단점을 보완하고자 창작 품새에서는 다양하게 사용한 것으로 보여 진다.
The research paper made an analysis on the movements of "the Approved-Poomsae" and "the created one, with the help of the analytic techniques through the images, which the two Poomsaes have been devised by the Taekwondo Association, This was aimed at providing the basic data for the development of t...
The research paper made an analysis on the movements of "the Approved-Poomsae" and "the created one, with the help of the analytic techniques through the images, which the two Poomsaes have been devised by the Taekwondo Association, This was aimed at providing the basic data for the development of the Poomsaes in Taekwondo. As the Poomsae of black belt holders, the officially-acknowledged Poomsae is composed of nine sorts such as Koryo, Keumgang, Taebaek, Pyongwon, Sibjin, Jitae, Chonkwon, Hansu, and Ilyeo. And the created Poomsae is composed of more advanced-level martial works, which won a couple of awards or more, at "the Global Taekwondo Friendly Tournament, held by the National Gymnasium. Making a comparative analysis on the attributes, similarities, and difference of the techniques of the Poomsaes, the paper drew the conclusion as follows. 1. When it comes to the "standing" form of the officially-acknowledged Poomsae that black belt holders of Taekwondo take, ‘the number of the movement of the "front stroke’ was proved most considerable, reaching 80 times of 31.5%, and the movements of the ‘back stroke’ and fisting showed it was65 times of 25.6%, and 47 times of 18.5%, respectively. Given that the movements of front and back stokes, and fisting were taken throughout 192 times of 76.6% out of total 254 times, it plainly shows that Taekwondo is mainly focused on the wider standing-oriented movement. For the created Poomsae, the front stoke of 25 times or 28.4%, and the back stoke of 25 times or 28.4%, and the fisting Poomsae of 19 times or 21.6% demonstrate that the standing movement of the Poomsae was little different from the acknowledged-Poomsae, by taking up with 69 times of 78.4% out of total 88 times, in the standing movement. As such analysis shows, the officially-acknowledged Poomsae and the created one were turned out to share one weakness, in that the practically-required skills in series of offense and defense lack, owing to the shortage of agility. Such main cause results from the wide-standing Poomsae of the both Poomsaes. Thus, the paper believes that it is better to improve the weakness, and make more various movements, when the created Poomsae is devised, sooner or later. 2. For the officially-acknowledged Poomsae of black belt holders, "the blocking movement" was composed of ‘blocking with the edge of hands’ of 11 times or 9.1%, the Kyum-Kang blocking was at 10 times of 8.3%, blocking under the edge of hands, blocking under the edge of a hand, and blocking of the upper frame, were at 8 times of 6.7%, respectively. And blocking movement under the edge of hands, and blocking under the edge of a hand proved least, in number. Out of 34 blocking movements as a whole, the number of blocking movement by depending on unfolded hands including the edge of hands, back of the edges of hands, and palm accounted for 15 movements of 53 times or 44.2%. But 53 times or 44.2% among 120 times of overall blocking forms, were culminated to ultimate point. In the respect, blocking with hands unfolded, and blocking with fist clinched (blocking with the part of arms) made little distinction. Regarding the created Poomsae, 26 blocking forms were used. Out of totally blocking movements, and blocking of arms inside and outside was at 6 times of 9.7%. And the blocking movement downward and upward of the edge accounted for 4 times of 8.5%. On top of these, defending the whole body with the edge of hands, defending downward with the edge of one hand, defending face and the edge of hands, and defending under the edge of hands, were done three times, respectively. Regarding the created Poomsae, the movement with hands unfolded, for example, the defending movements of the unfolded edge of hands, the back of the hands, and palms reached 26 times of 41.9%, out of totally 120-defending movements. The figure was higher than the movement of defending with hands unfolded, and the movement of defending movement with fist clinched (by arms). This result leads the research paper into realization that the defending movement with hands unfolded in case of devising the created Poomsae, has so high possibility of the injury danger, that defending movement with fist crunched on purpose would be used a lot. 3. When it comes to the thrusting movement, the officially-acknowledged Poomsae shows that the direct movement of thrusting the body was at 26 times of 47.3%, while the one of thrusting the body backward was at 13 times of 26.63, posting 33 times of 70.9%. This outcome indicates that the thrusting movement was concentrated on only the two. Also for the created Poomsae, thrusting movements of five sorts and 26 times indicate that thrusting body was at 21 times of 80.7%. The figure made no remarkable difference. The result demonstrates that thrusting body and thrusting backward would be used more than other any thrusting forms, such as Kyum-Kang thrusting forward and thrusting ones in the air. It is considered true, as the two -thrusting movements would make it easier for someone to take offensive forms. 4. For the officially-acknowledged Poomsae, hitting was at 5 times of 13.6%, in the target-hitting of arms, out of 16 sorts and total 37 times, while chin-hitting by hauling the fist backward and the sharp-point hitting were at 4 times of 10.8%, respectively. And, hitting the outside edge of one hand, chin-hitting with the palms, and any other hitting forms were at three times, respectively. Concerning the created Poomsae, hitting movement was at 11 sorts and total 26 times. Out of the movement, the fist-thrusting was seven times of 27%, and hitting of the edge of hands was five times of 19.2%, and hitting hands was at four times of 15.4%. The result indicates that compared with the officially-acknowledged Poomsae, the created Poomsae assumed a less offensive. It is considered such, because the Poomsae wasconcentrated on the vertical offensive, more than horizontal one, when the created Poomsae was redressed. 5. Of three sorts and eight times of the piercing movement in the officially-acknowledged Poomsae, and piercing the downward end of hands with the hands left unfolded, was at twice of 25%, while piercing one hand with the hand left erected, was at the three times of 37.5%, and piercing the side end of the hands unfolded was at the three times of 37.5%. Taking into account for one sort and six times of the hand-piercing formin the crated Poomsae, the both Poomsaes of the officially-acknowledged and created ones carried simple forms in the piercing movement. . As the comparative analysis indicated, the outcome would derive from a higher possibility of injury, due to the offensives of the feeble end of hand in the body. 6. For kicking, the officially-acknowledged Poomsae shows that side-kicking was at 13 timesof 30.2%, front-kicking was 21 times of 48.8%, and target-kicking was at three times of 7.5%. The result indicatesthe front and side kicking mainly accounted for 34 times of 79.1%. When it comes to the created Poomsae, the front-kicking was at 8 times of 22.9%, the side-kicking at seven times of 20%, turning-kicking at 6 times of 17.1%, smashing-kicking at one times of 2.9%, the target-kicking at twice times of 5.7%, the jumping-kicking at three times of 8.6%, and the jumping and kicking was at twice of 5.7%. Such result tells that the officially-acknowledged Poomsae has been classified as the simple forms such as the front, side and target kicking, now that the Poomsae was made and wide-spread before Taekwondo had been adopted as an official event of game, while the created Poomsae has been developed as a wide range of sophisticated and delicate kicking forms such as revolving-kicking, smashing-kicking around the body, twisting-kicking, soaring-kicking, jumping-kicking, and the target-kicking forward. The facts are likely to make the weakness of the kicking forms in the Approved-Poomsae improved by various developments of forms in the created Poomsae.
The research paper made an analysis on the movements of "the Approved-Poomsae" and "the created one, with the help of the analytic techniques through the images, which the two Poomsaes have been devised by the Taekwondo Association, This was aimed at providing the basic data for the development of the Poomsaes in Taekwondo. As the Poomsae of black belt holders, the officially-acknowledged Poomsae is composed of nine sorts such as Koryo, Keumgang, Taebaek, Pyongwon, Sibjin, Jitae, Chonkwon, Hansu, and Ilyeo. And the created Poomsae is composed of more advanced-level martial works, which won a couple of awards or more, at "the Global Taekwondo Friendly Tournament, held by the National Gymnasium. Making a comparative analysis on the attributes, similarities, and difference of the techniques of the Poomsaes, the paper drew the conclusion as follows. 1. When it comes to the "standing" form of the officially-acknowledged Poomsae that black belt holders of Taekwondo take, ‘the number of the movement of the "front stroke’ was proved most considerable, reaching 80 times of 31.5%, and the movements of the ‘back stroke’ and fisting showed it was65 times of 25.6%, and 47 times of 18.5%, respectively. Given that the movements of front and back stokes, and fisting were taken throughout 192 times of 76.6% out of total 254 times, it plainly shows that Taekwondo is mainly focused on the wider standing-oriented movement. For the created Poomsae, the front stoke of 25 times or 28.4%, and the back stoke of 25 times or 28.4%, and the fisting Poomsae of 19 times or 21.6% demonstrate that the standing movement of the Poomsae was little different from the acknowledged-Poomsae, by taking up with 69 times of 78.4% out of total 88 times, in the standing movement. As such analysis shows, the officially-acknowledged Poomsae and the created one were turned out to share one weakness, in that the practically-required skills in series of offense and defense lack, owing to the shortage of agility. Such main cause results from the wide-standing Poomsae of the both Poomsaes. Thus, the paper believes that it is better to improve the weakness, and make more various movements, when the created Poomsae is devised, sooner or later. 2. For the officially-acknowledged Poomsae of black belt holders, "the blocking movement" was composed of ‘blocking with the edge of hands’ of 11 times or 9.1%, the Kyum-Kang blocking was at 10 times of 8.3%, blocking under the edge of hands, blocking under the edge of a hand, and blocking of the upper frame, were at 8 times of 6.7%, respectively. And blocking movement under the edge of hands, and blocking under the edge of a hand proved least, in number. Out of 34 blocking movements as a whole, the number of blocking movement by depending on unfolded hands including the edge of hands, back of the edges of hands, and palm accounted for 15 movements of 53 times or 44.2%. But 53 times or 44.2% among 120 times of overall blocking forms, were culminated to ultimate point. In the respect, blocking with hands unfolded, and blocking with fist clinched (blocking with the part of arms) made little distinction. Regarding the created Poomsae, 26 blocking forms were used. Out of totally blocking movements, and blocking of arms inside and outside was at 6 times of 9.7%. And the blocking movement downward and upward of the edge accounted for 4 times of 8.5%. On top of these, defending the whole body with the edge of hands, defending downward with the edge of one hand, defending face and the edge of hands, and defending under the edge of hands, were done three times, respectively. Regarding the created Poomsae, the movement with hands unfolded, for example, the defending movements of the unfolded edge of hands, the back of the hands, and palms reached 26 times of 41.9%, out of totally 120-defending movements. The figure was higher than the movement of defending with hands unfolded, and the movement of defending movement with fist clinched (by arms). This result leads the research paper into realization that the defending movement with hands unfolded in case of devising the created Poomsae, has so high possibility of the injury danger, that defending movement with fist crunched on purpose would be used a lot. 3. When it comes to the thrusting movement, the officially-acknowledged Poomsae shows that the direct movement of thrusting the body was at 26 times of 47.3%, while the one of thrusting the body backward was at 13 times of 26.63, posting 33 times of 70.9%. This outcome indicates that the thrusting movement was concentrated on only the two. Also for the created Poomsae, thrusting movements of five sorts and 26 times indicate that thrusting body was at 21 times of 80.7%. The figure made no remarkable difference. The result demonstrates that thrusting body and thrusting backward would be used more than other any thrusting forms, such as Kyum-Kang thrusting forward and thrusting ones in the air. It is considered true, as the two -thrusting movements would make it easier for someone to take offensive forms. 4. For the officially-acknowledged Poomsae, hitting was at 5 times of 13.6%, in the target-hitting of arms, out of 16 sorts and total 37 times, while chin-hitting by hauling the fist backward and the sharp-point hitting were at 4 times of 10.8%, respectively. And, hitting the outside edge of one hand, chin-hitting with the palms, and any other hitting forms were at three times, respectively. Concerning the created Poomsae, hitting movement was at 11 sorts and total 26 times. Out of the movement, the fist-thrusting was seven times of 27%, and hitting of the edge of hands was five times of 19.2%, and hitting hands was at four times of 15.4%. The result indicates that compared with the officially-acknowledged Poomsae, the created Poomsae assumed a less offensive. It is considered such, because the Poomsae wasconcentrated on the vertical offensive, more than horizontal one, when the created Poomsae was redressed. 5. Of three sorts and eight times of the piercing movement in the officially-acknowledged Poomsae, and piercing the downward end of hands with the hands left unfolded, was at twice of 25%, while piercing one hand with the hand left erected, was at the three times of 37.5%, and piercing the side end of the hands unfolded was at the three times of 37.5%. Taking into account for one sort and six times of the hand-piercing formin the crated Poomsae, the both Poomsaes of the officially-acknowledged and created ones carried simple forms in the piercing movement. . As the comparative analysis indicated, the outcome would derive from a higher possibility of injury, due to the offensives of the feeble end of hand in the body. 6. For kicking, the officially-acknowledged Poomsae shows that side-kicking was at 13 timesof 30.2%, front-kicking was 21 times of 48.8%, and target-kicking was at three times of 7.5%. The result indicatesthe front and side kicking mainly accounted for 34 times of 79.1%. When it comes to the created Poomsae, the front-kicking was at 8 times of 22.9%, the side-kicking at seven times of 20%, turning-kicking at 6 times of 17.1%, smashing-kicking at one times of 2.9%, the target-kicking at twice times of 5.7%, the jumping-kicking at three times of 8.6%, and the jumping and kicking was at twice of 5.7%. Such result tells that the officially-acknowledged Poomsae has been classified as the simple forms such as the front, side and target kicking, now that the Poomsae was made and wide-spread before Taekwondo had been adopted as an official event of game, while the created Poomsae has been developed as a wide range of sophisticated and delicate kicking forms such as revolving-kicking, smashing-kicking around the body, twisting-kicking, soaring-kicking, jumping-kicking, and the target-kicking forward. The facts are likely to make the weakness of the kicking forms in the Approved-Poomsae improved by various developments of forms in the created Poomsae.
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