The purpose of the study is to develop a whitening product from waste persimmon peel and to investigate the anti-oxidant and whitening compounds present in the persimmon peel. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the persimmon peel extract, obtained using of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH, and Distilled ...
The purpose of the study is to develop a whitening product from waste persimmon peel and to investigate the anti-oxidant and whitening compounds present in the persimmon peel. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the persimmon peel extract, obtained using of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH, and Distilled water as solvent, was about 2㎍/㎖, respectively. This shows that the quantitative difference of the two compounds is not significant. The persimmon peel extracts were analysed by LC/MS for several flavonoid compounds. Quecetin and Hyperin, the putative whitening compounds, were measured in significant quantity. Quantitatively, the difference in content of the putative fairness compounds, in 70% MeOH and 70% EtOH, was insignificant. It was also found that the Hyperin content of 70% MeOH and EtOH extract measured about 2235 ppb, respectively, which is almost 45% higher than the water extract. The above results are compelling enough to presume that Hyperin could be the most significant player in the antioxidant and whitening property of persimmon peel. The antioxidant activity of persimmon peel extracts were analysed based on the values of DPPH radical scavenger activity, ABTS radical scavenger activity and FRAP(Rerric-reducing antioxidant potential). In general, higher values were obtained from solvent extracts(MeOH and EtOH) than that of distilled water extract. The DPPH radical scavenger activities of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH and distilled-water extract measured 81.18±0.01%, 75.83±0.00% and 58.54±0.00%, respectively. Compared to BHT(buryl hydroxy toluen) activity as a standard in antioxidant studies, the DPPH radical scavenger activities activities approximated 90%. In the case of ABTS radical scavenger activities of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH and distilled-water extract measured 46.52±0.50%, 39.3±0.02% and 29.52±0.01%, respectively, which are lest than 50% of BHT activity. In addition, FRAP(Rerric-reducing antioxidant potential) assay of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH and distilled-water extract measured 0.5163±0.01abs(593 nm), 0.5197±0.03abs(593 nm) and 0.3133±0.06abs(593 nm), respectively. Comparing to BHT(buryl hydroxy toluen), those activities approximated 70%. Antimicrobial activity of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH and water extract on pathogens causing pimples, such as P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, S. aureus and E. coli, showed negligible effect. In general, the antimicrobial activity was slightly higher than that of solvent extract. To evaluate fairness effect of the extracts, tyrosinase inhibition activity was performed. Tyrosinase is found to be responsible for formation of melanin, causing of skin pigmentation. Then the extracts were introduced onto mouse melanoma cell line B16/F10, to study their effects on, gene expression of tyrosinase relatives(tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2), melanin forming protein (MITF) and general gene protein (Actin) as well as cell toxicity of that by MTT assay. The effects of solvent extracts on cell viability of Mouse melanoma cell B16/F10 were less than 5%, where as, 10% viability was recorded in water extract. The reaction of 70% EtOH extract with the mouse melanoma cells, resulted in decreased melanin formation with increasing extract concentration. Approximately 90% depression at the concentration of 64 μg/ml extract was assured. Then the gene expression of each melanin forming proteases were detected using western blotting. The western blotting results also showed the depression of gene expression with increased concentration of extract. About 90%, 50% and 30% decrease in gene expression was observed in the case of tyrosinase, MITF, and TRP-2, respectively. So we can conclude by saying that the whitening effect of persimmon peel extract is mostly due to its detrimental effect on the tyrosinase gene expression. However, further insightful studies are required to determine the exact compound responsible for the detrimental tyrosinase gene expression. These insightful studies can make the waste persimmon peels a key ingredient in new-age cosmetics in future.
The purpose of the study is to develop a whitening product from waste persimmon peel and to investigate the anti-oxidant and whitening compounds present in the persimmon peel. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the persimmon peel extract, obtained using of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH, and Distilled water as solvent, was about 2㎍/㎖, respectively. This shows that the quantitative difference of the two compounds is not significant. The persimmon peel extracts were analysed by LC/MS for several flavonoid compounds. Quecetin and Hyperin, the putative whitening compounds, were measured in significant quantity. Quantitatively, the difference in content of the putative fairness compounds, in 70% MeOH and 70% EtOH, was insignificant. It was also found that the Hyperin content of 70% MeOH and EtOH extract measured about 2235 ppb, respectively, which is almost 45% higher than the water extract. The above results are compelling enough to presume that Hyperin could be the most significant player in the antioxidant and whitening property of persimmon peel. The antioxidant activity of persimmon peel extracts were analysed based on the values of DPPH radical scavenger activity, ABTS radical scavenger activity and FRAP(Rerric-reducing antioxidant potential). In general, higher values were obtained from solvent extracts(MeOH and EtOH) than that of distilled water extract. The DPPH radical scavenger activities of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH and distilled-water extract measured 81.18±0.01%, 75.83±0.00% and 58.54±0.00%, respectively. Compared to BHT(buryl hydroxy toluen) activity as a standard in antioxidant studies, the DPPH radical scavenger activities activities approximated 90%. In the case of ABTS radical scavenger activities of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH and distilled-water extract measured 46.52±0.50%, 39.3±0.02% and 29.52±0.01%, respectively, which are lest than 50% of BHT activity. In addition, FRAP(Rerric-reducing antioxidant potential) assay of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH and distilled-water extract measured 0.5163±0.01abs(593 nm), 0.5197±0.03abs(593 nm) and 0.3133±0.06abs(593 nm), respectively. Comparing to BHT(buryl hydroxy toluen), those activities approximated 70%. Antimicrobial activity of 70% MeOH, 70% EtOH and water extract on pathogens causing pimples, such as P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, S. aureus and E. coli, showed negligible effect. In general, the antimicrobial activity was slightly higher than that of solvent extract. To evaluate fairness effect of the extracts, tyrosinase inhibition activity was performed. Tyrosinase is found to be responsible for formation of melanin, causing of skin pigmentation. Then the extracts were introduced onto mouse melanoma cell line B16/F10, to study their effects on, gene expression of tyrosinase relatives(tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2), melanin forming protein (MITF) and general gene protein (Actin) as well as cell toxicity of that by MTT assay. The effects of solvent extracts on cell viability of Mouse melanoma cell B16/F10 were less than 5%, where as, 10% viability was recorded in water extract. The reaction of 70% EtOH extract with the mouse melanoma cells, resulted in decreased melanin formation with increasing extract concentration. Approximately 90% depression at the concentration of 64 μg/ml extract was assured. Then the gene expression of each melanin forming proteases were detected using western blotting. The western blotting results also showed the depression of gene expression with increased concentration of extract. About 90%, 50% and 30% decrease in gene expression was observed in the case of tyrosinase, MITF, and TRP-2, respectively. So we can conclude by saying that the whitening effect of persimmon peel extract is mostly due to its detrimental effect on the tyrosinase gene expression. However, further insightful studies are required to determine the exact compound responsible for the detrimental tyrosinase gene expression. These insightful studies can make the waste persimmon peels a key ingredient in new-age cosmetics in future.
주제어
#persimmon peel antioxidant whitening TRP-1 TRP-2 MITF tyrosinase Mouse melanoma cell line B16/F10
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