Oenanthe javanica DC. (water dropwort) is a perennial herb, which is widely distributed in Korea, Japan, and China. Since ancient times, water dropwort has been used for food and medicine. Also, water dropwort has been known as an effective agent for the alleviation of hangover and liver protection....
Oenanthe javanica DC. (water dropwort) is a perennial herb, which is widely distributed in Korea, Japan, and China. Since ancient times, water dropwort has been used for food and medicine. Also, water dropwort has been known as an effective agent for the alleviation of hangover and liver protection. Partially purified water dropwort extract powder was prepared from water dropwort extraction and purified. In the course, the contents of phenolic compounds in the water dropwort extract were increased. This study was conducted to investigate the both hangover and hepatoprotective effects of water dropwort extract (WDE) powder and partially purified water dropwort extract (PPWDE) powder against alcohol and acetaminophen in two experiment models, in vitro and in vivo. The followings were the each experiment summary. 1. Evaluation of WDE and PPWDE powder nutritional ingredient and antioxidant activity. Total polyphenol compounds of WDE and PPWDE were 68.49 and 426.41 mg/g, respectively. Flavonoid contents of WDE and PPWDE were 5.14 and 71.67 mg/g. Protein and free amino acid were also higher in PPWDE. Total sugar content in WDE was 585.98 mg/g, in PPWDE was 230.58 mg/g. Reducing sugar content in WDE was 294.29 mg/g, in PPWDE was 156.43 mg/g. Antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH, ABTS scavenging activity and it was expressed in RC50. As results, the RC50 of DPPH in WDE and PPWDE were 4123.65 μg/mL, 578.50 μg/mL, and the ABTS were 519.82 μg/mL, 50.70 μg/mL, respectively. All things considered, total sugar contents were decreased, antioxidant activities and total polyphenol content were increased in water dropwort after purified. 2. Assessment of the alcohol hangover 2.1 The effect on hepatocellular viability in alcohol Treatment of Chang liver cell with WDE and PPWDE was set at the concentration between 100-2000 μg/mL. The concentration between 100-1000 μg/mL did not result in any difference in cell proliferation as compared to the control. The results showed the after alcohol treatment evidently decreased Chang liver cell ability. But these effects were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner by treatment of WDE and PPWDE. 2.2 The effect on hangover of alcohol-induced rat model The experimental group fed with WDE and PPWDE showed lower blood alcohol content (11.11-11.74 mmol/L) compared to the rat group fed with alcohol alone (10.33-13.39 mmol/L). Acetaldehyde content in the blood plasma was also significantly reduced in the group treated with WDE. Especially, PPWDE contained the leastest content of alcohol and acetaldehyde levels. All the results showed the PPWDE was more effective than the WDE (ADH, ALDH). From the results above, it was shown that WDE and its partially purified phenolic compounds were effective for the hangover and could be used as potential hepatic functional aids. 3. Assessment of the acetaminophen hepatoprotective 3.1 The effect on hepatocellular viability in acetaminophen The results showed the acetaminophen treatment evidently decreased Chang liver cell ability. But these effects were increased in a dose-dependent manner by treatment of WDE and PPWDE. In cell treated with WDE and PPWDE resulted in an inhibition of acetaminophen-induced cell death. 3.2 The effect on hepatoprotective of acetaminophen-induced rat model The levels of serum biochemical markers and liver antioxidative were monitored to assess hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotection. Acetaminophen administration caused severe hepatic damage in rats as evident from significant high levels of in serum AST (1678.90 IU/L), ALT(298.47 IU/L), ALP (63.63 K-A), total and direct bilirubin (0.67 mg/dL, 0.28 mg/dL). The WDE, PPWDE and positive control (silymarin) prevented the toxic effects of acetaminophen on the serum parameters which indicating the hepatoprotective action. AST and ALT activity analysis results of WDE was 275.45 IU/L, 39.30 IU/L, PPWDE was 202.01 IU/L, 30.48 IU/L, respectively. ALP activity of WDE was 49.80 K-A, PPWDE was 46.58 K-A. Also, gluthathione content and hepatic antioxidatative enzyme showed dose dependantly increased in WDE and PPWDE. Moreover, the PPWDE was more effective than the WDE. WDE and PPWDE were shown to be the most active to decrease MDA content. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of water dropwort has significant hepatoprotective activity on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. 4. Isolated the active compounds of PPWDE and investigated the effect of active compounds on hepatocellular viability 4.1 Isolation and identification of PPWDE The 4 compounds were isolated and purified of PPWDE powder. The structures of 1-4 were identified as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, L-tryptophan and cryptochlorogenic acid respectively, by the comparisons of IR, UV, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral datas with those of literatures. 4.2 Effect of active compounds on hepatocellular viability The isolated compounds were measured on liver cell refresh rate and cell ability induced by alcohol and acetaminophen, respectively. After alcohol inducement, dose-dependently increased in the cell refresh rate by treatment of chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid. In particularly, cryptochlorogenic acid showed the most active. Treatment of both chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid could increase in the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner by inducement of acetamonophen. However, cryptochlorogenic acid was not active in acetaminophen inducement.
Oenanthe javanica DC. (water dropwort) is a perennial herb, which is widely distributed in Korea, Japan, and China. Since ancient times, water dropwort has been used for food and medicine. Also, water dropwort has been known as an effective agent for the alleviation of hangover and liver protection. Partially purified water dropwort extract powder was prepared from water dropwort extraction and purified. In the course, the contents of phenolic compounds in the water dropwort extract were increased. This study was conducted to investigate the both hangover and hepatoprotective effects of water dropwort extract (WDE) powder and partially purified water dropwort extract (PPWDE) powder against alcohol and acetaminophen in two experiment models, in vitro and in vivo. The followings were the each experiment summary. 1. Evaluation of WDE and PPWDE powder nutritional ingredient and antioxidant activity. Total polyphenol compounds of WDE and PPWDE were 68.49 and 426.41 mg/g, respectively. Flavonoid contents of WDE and PPWDE were 5.14 and 71.67 mg/g. Protein and free amino acid were also higher in PPWDE. Total sugar content in WDE was 585.98 mg/g, in PPWDE was 230.58 mg/g. Reducing sugar content in WDE was 294.29 mg/g, in PPWDE was 156.43 mg/g. Antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH, ABTS scavenging activity and it was expressed in RC50. As results, the RC50 of DPPH in WDE and PPWDE were 4123.65 μg/mL, 578.50 μg/mL, and the ABTS were 519.82 μg/mL, 50.70 μg/mL, respectively. All things considered, total sugar contents were decreased, antioxidant activities and total polyphenol content were increased in water dropwort after purified. 2. Assessment of the alcohol hangover 2.1 The effect on hepatocellular viability in alcohol Treatment of Chang liver cell with WDE and PPWDE was set at the concentration between 100-2000 μg/mL. The concentration between 100-1000 μg/mL did not result in any difference in cell proliferation as compared to the control. The results showed the after alcohol treatment evidently decreased Chang liver cell ability. But these effects were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner by treatment of WDE and PPWDE. 2.2 The effect on hangover of alcohol-induced rat model The experimental group fed with WDE and PPWDE showed lower blood alcohol content (11.11-11.74 mmol/L) compared to the rat group fed with alcohol alone (10.33-13.39 mmol/L). Acetaldehyde content in the blood plasma was also significantly reduced in the group treated with WDE. Especially, PPWDE contained the leastest content of alcohol and acetaldehyde levels. All the results showed the PPWDE was more effective than the WDE (ADH, ALDH). From the results above, it was shown that WDE and its partially purified phenolic compounds were effective for the hangover and could be used as potential hepatic functional aids. 3. Assessment of the acetaminophen hepatoprotective 3.1 The effect on hepatocellular viability in acetaminophen The results showed the acetaminophen treatment evidently decreased Chang liver cell ability. But these effects were increased in a dose-dependent manner by treatment of WDE and PPWDE. In cell treated with WDE and PPWDE resulted in an inhibition of acetaminophen-induced cell death. 3.2 The effect on hepatoprotective of acetaminophen-induced rat model The levels of serum biochemical markers and liver antioxidative were monitored to assess hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotection. Acetaminophen administration caused severe hepatic damage in rats as evident from significant high levels of in serum AST (1678.90 IU/L), ALT(298.47 IU/L), ALP (63.63 K-A), total and direct bilirubin (0.67 mg/dL, 0.28 mg/dL). The WDE, PPWDE and positive control (silymarin) prevented the toxic effects of acetaminophen on the serum parameters which indicating the hepatoprotective action. AST and ALT activity analysis results of WDE was 275.45 IU/L, 39.30 IU/L, PPWDE was 202.01 IU/L, 30.48 IU/L, respectively. ALP activity of WDE was 49.80 K-A, PPWDE was 46.58 K-A. Also, gluthathione content and hepatic antioxidatative enzyme showed dose dependantly increased in WDE and PPWDE. Moreover, the PPWDE was more effective than the WDE. WDE and PPWDE were shown to be the most active to decrease MDA content. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of water dropwort has significant hepatoprotective activity on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. 4. Isolated the active compounds of PPWDE and investigated the effect of active compounds on hepatocellular viability 4.1 Isolation and identification of PPWDE The 4 compounds were isolated and purified of PPWDE powder. The structures of 1-4 were identified as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, L-tryptophan and cryptochlorogenic acid respectively, by the comparisons of IR, UV, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral datas with those of literatures. 4.2 Effect of active compounds on hepatocellular viability The isolated compounds were measured on liver cell refresh rate and cell ability induced by alcohol and acetaminophen, respectively. After alcohol inducement, dose-dependently increased in the cell refresh rate by treatment of chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid. In particularly, cryptochlorogenic acid showed the most active. Treatment of both chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid could increase in the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner by inducement of acetamonophen. However, cryptochlorogenic acid was not active in acetaminophen inducement.
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