Globally, edible insects are forecasted to be a major potential food source, and considered to be environmentally sustainable, rich in minerals and vitamins as well as protein, and thus highly nutritious. In order to develop and disseminate edible insects and their products, it is necessary to evalu...
Globally, edible insects are forecasted to be a major potential food source, and considered to be environmentally sustainable, rich in minerals and vitamins as well as protein, and thus highly nutritious. In order to develop and disseminate edible insects and their products, it is necessary to evaluate the nutrition and functionality of edible insects as well as consumer’s awareness of them. Therefore this study was designed to provide basic data necessary for the production and consumption of related products and for the recognition and availability of food insects through the assessment of consumers’ perception of edible insects, their nutritional composition and antioxidant activity.
Those who've ever heard of edible insects accounted for 87.0%, while those who knew more than average were 75.8%, suggesting the awareness was relatively high. Men had more experience than women in purchasing or consuming edible insects and related products(45.9% vs. 31.0%) and in terms of age, the experience was 22.5% in 20-30s, 44.6% in 40-50s, and 63.1% in 60s and older, showing it significantly grows as the age increases. The satisfaction level of edible insects was highest in flavor(3.4 points) and especially when it comes to the shape and appearance, it decreased as the age reduced. The reason for being not willing to use edible insects was highest in feeling repulsive(4.1 points), particularly the main one, in which women were higher than men(4.3 vs. 3.9), and the lower the age was, the more the figure significantly decreased. The most needed information display for using edible insects was the country of origin(63.8%), the main nutrient in edible insects was protein(93.6%), and the most preferred form of products was powder(39.5%).
The general composition analysis showed that Bombyx batryticus had the highest water level of 2.4-11.3%, while Oxya chinensis sinuosa had the highest solid protein level of 40.2-66.0 g/100 g dry weight excluding moisture content. Allomyrina dichotoma had the most lipids of 2.5-37.5 g/100 g dry weight, Protaetia brevitarsis had the most ash of 1.5-5.7 g/100 g dry weight, while Bombyx mori had the most carbohydrates of 11.2-44.5 g/100 g dry weight. For the mineral content per dried edible insects, calcium was 41.9-224.0 mg/100 g dry weight, sodium 16.4-423.9 mg/100 g dry weight, zinc 2.6-22.4 mg/100 g dry weight, and copper was 0.2-3.1 mg/100 dry weight, which were all highest in Gryllus bimaculatus. Phosphorus was 279.2-1073.2 mg/100 g dry weight, magnesium 124.0-401.3 mg/100 g dry weight, which were all highest in Bombyx mori. Potassium was 303.0-1136.8 mg/100 g dry weight, and iron 5.3-11.4 mg/ g dry weight, all highest in Protaetia brevitarsis. Manganese was the highest in Allomyrina dichotoma with 0.7–12.1 mg/100 g dry weight. When comparing the mineral INQ by types of edible insects, calcium(1.3), sodium(1.3), and zinc(10.6) were highest in Gryllus bimaculatus. Copper(18.3) and manganese(13.1) were highest in Oxya chinensis sinuosa, phosphorus(8.1) and magnesium(6.1) highest in Bombyx mori. Potassium(1.8) and iron(6.3) were highest in Protaetia brevitarsis. all the mineral INQ except for manganese showed significant differences depending on edible insects of it.
When comparing the antioxidant activity of each antioxidant index in DMSO extract, total phenol contents were followed by Protaetia brevitarsis(1.0 mg/g), Tenebrio molitor L.(1.0 mg/g), and Oxya chinensis sinuosa(1.0 mg/g). Total flavonoid contents were followed by Bombyx batryticus(0.1 mg/g), Oxya chinensis sinuosa(0.1 mg/g), and Allomyrina dichotoma(0.1 mg/g). DPPH radical activity was followed by Bombyx batryticus(80.1%), Oxya chinensis sinuosa(74.5%) and Bombyx mori(62.4%). SOD-like activity was followed by Protaetia brevitarsis(97.2%), Allomyrina dichotoma(96.8%) and Gryllus bimaculatus(96.6%). ABTS radical scavenging activity was followed by Bombyx batryticus(97.6%), Bombyx mori(96.3%), and Oxya chinensis sinuosa(96.1%). Reducing power was followed by Protaetia brevitarsis(1.0 mg/g), Oxya chinensis sinuosa(0.9 mg/g), and Bombyx batryticus(0.9 mg/g).
As a result of this study, it was conducted to provide the basic data for evaluating the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of edible insects and to provide the information necessary for expanding the production and consumption of edible insects and related products in the future.
Globally, edible insects are forecasted to be a major potential food source, and considered to be environmentally sustainable, rich in minerals and vitamins as well as protein, and thus highly nutritious. In order to develop and disseminate edible insects and their products, it is necessary to evaluate the nutrition and functionality of edible insects as well as consumer’s awareness of them. Therefore this study was designed to provide basic data necessary for the production and consumption of related products and for the recognition and availability of food insects through the assessment of consumers’ perception of edible insects, their nutritional composition and antioxidant activity.
Those who've ever heard of edible insects accounted for 87.0%, while those who knew more than average were 75.8%, suggesting the awareness was relatively high. Men had more experience than women in purchasing or consuming edible insects and related products(45.9% vs. 31.0%) and in terms of age, the experience was 22.5% in 20-30s, 44.6% in 40-50s, and 63.1% in 60s and older, showing it significantly grows as the age increases. The satisfaction level of edible insects was highest in flavor(3.4 points) and especially when it comes to the shape and appearance, it decreased as the age reduced. The reason for being not willing to use edible insects was highest in feeling repulsive(4.1 points), particularly the main one, in which women were higher than men(4.3 vs. 3.9), and the lower the age was, the more the figure significantly decreased. The most needed information display for using edible insects was the country of origin(63.8%), the main nutrient in edible insects was protein(93.6%), and the most preferred form of products was powder(39.5%).
The general composition analysis showed that Bombyx batryticus had the highest water level of 2.4-11.3%, while Oxya chinensis sinuosa had the highest solid protein level of 40.2-66.0 g/100 g dry weight excluding moisture content. Allomyrina dichotoma had the most lipids of 2.5-37.5 g/100 g dry weight, Protaetia brevitarsis had the most ash of 1.5-5.7 g/100 g dry weight, while Bombyx mori had the most carbohydrates of 11.2-44.5 g/100 g dry weight. For the mineral content per dried edible insects, calcium was 41.9-224.0 mg/100 g dry weight, sodium 16.4-423.9 mg/100 g dry weight, zinc 2.6-22.4 mg/100 g dry weight, and copper was 0.2-3.1 mg/100 dry weight, which were all highest in Gryllus bimaculatus. Phosphorus was 279.2-1073.2 mg/100 g dry weight, magnesium 124.0-401.3 mg/100 g dry weight, which were all highest in Bombyx mori. Potassium was 303.0-1136.8 mg/100 g dry weight, and iron 5.3-11.4 mg/ g dry weight, all highest in Protaetia brevitarsis. Manganese was the highest in Allomyrina dichotoma with 0.7–12.1 mg/100 g dry weight. When comparing the mineral INQ by types of edible insects, calcium(1.3), sodium(1.3), and zinc(10.6) were highest in Gryllus bimaculatus. Copper(18.3) and manganese(13.1) were highest in Oxya chinensis sinuosa, phosphorus(8.1) and magnesium(6.1) highest in Bombyx mori. Potassium(1.8) and iron(6.3) were highest in Protaetia brevitarsis. all the mineral INQ except for manganese showed significant differences depending on edible insects of it.
When comparing the antioxidant activity of each antioxidant index in DMSO extract, total phenol contents were followed by Protaetia brevitarsis(1.0 mg/g), Tenebrio molitor L.(1.0 mg/g), and Oxya chinensis sinuosa(1.0 mg/g). Total flavonoid contents were followed by Bombyx batryticus(0.1 mg/g), Oxya chinensis sinuosa(0.1 mg/g), and Allomyrina dichotoma(0.1 mg/g). DPPH radical activity was followed by Bombyx batryticus(80.1%), Oxya chinensis sinuosa(74.5%) and Bombyx mori(62.4%). SOD-like activity was followed by Protaetia brevitarsis(97.2%), Allomyrina dichotoma(96.8%) and Gryllus bimaculatus(96.6%). ABTS radical scavenging activity was followed by Bombyx batryticus(97.6%), Bombyx mori(96.3%), and Oxya chinensis sinuosa(96.1%). Reducing power was followed by Protaetia brevitarsis(1.0 mg/g), Oxya chinensis sinuosa(0.9 mg/g), and Bombyx batryticus(0.9 mg/g).
As a result of this study, it was conducted to provide the basic data for evaluating the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of edible insects and to provide the information necessary for expanding the production and consumption of edible insects and related products in the future.
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