Most studies in sports and exercise fields have until now focused on improving the athletic abilities of athletes or the health of patients, or on enhancing the fitness levels of the general population. However, there is also a need for exercise to improve abilities and to prevent and treat occupati...
Most studies in sports and exercise fields have until now focused on improving the athletic abilities of athletes or the health of patients, or on enhancing the fitness levels of the general population. However, there is also a need for exercise to improve abilities and to prevent and treat occupational functional stress in specialized fields outside of sports and exercise, such as in music. Vocal music is the act of creating many patterns related to breathing, pronunciation and vocalization in the process of learning songs, and training in them to produce sound differently from the general public. Johan (1990) defined vocalists as people who create beautiful voices through the efficient use of muscles, and Ray et. al (2017) claimed that breathing control and breathing assistance strategies are needed for singers to perform good vocalization and suggested the importance of respiratory training saying that well-trained singers take good advantage of breathing assistance strategies. However, vocalists rarely train in strengthening respiratory muscles that are fundamental for breathing control abilities to improve such vocalization abilities. This study assumed that respiratory muscle coordination exercises and respiratory muscle training are important to produce sound properly, and attempted to examine the impact of respiratory muscle strengthening training and core exercises to strengthen breathing functions on the vocalization abilities of singers.
The research subjects were 12 female college students, with 6 in a test group and 6 in a control group, who were majoring in vocal music at a college of music in B City. The test group engaged in core exercises and respiratory muscle exercises twice a week for one hour each session for a total of 10 weeks. The control group practiced singing as they normally did. Measurements in the experiment were taken on the maximum phonation time (MPT) and pre- and post-tests were conducted for the Korean singing voice handicap index (K-SVHI), which is a psychological measurement and evaluation tool. The voice handicap index is comprised of three sub-factors such as functional, physical and emotional areas. The training consisted of 10 minutes of stretching, 40 minutes of main exercise, and 10 minutes of cool down and stretching. This exercise was conducted in two stages (first stage: weeks 1 to 5, and second stage: weeks 6 to 10) for each week session. For statistical processing, the average and mean deviations were obtained and the pre- and post-effects were verified using t-test. The results can be summarized as follows.
The maximum phonation time (MPT) of the test group increased significantly at the t(5) = 6.692, p< .001 level. For the control group, it was t(5) = 0.858, p< .430 and was therefore not significant. All the six subjects in the test group were found to show an increase in MPT in the post-test. As for the voice handicap index (K-SVHI) function, the test group shows a significant decrease at t(5) = 5.477, p< .01. However, the control group was t(5) = 0.128, p< .903 and was therefore not significant. In the physical area, the test group showed a significant decrease at t(5) = 3.266, p< .05, while in the test group, it was t(5) = 1.941, p< .110, and was therefore not significant. In the emotion area, it was found not to be significant in both the test and control groups.
Based on the results, it is clear that respiratory muscle strengthening exercises and core exercises are needed to increase MPT and decrease K-SVHI of vocalists. However, it was found that the exercise program was effective for the functional and physical areas in terms of K-SVHI, but the emotion area could not be controlled through exercise. These results confirm that exercise is essential for functional improvement in various specialized fields and to prevent occupational functional stress. Such research should be conducted more actively in the future in the sports and exercise fields as people in professional occupations can enhance their functional capacities and improve their quality of life through exercise.
Most studies in sports and exercise fields have until now focused on improving the athletic abilities of athletes or the health of patients, or on enhancing the fitness levels of the general population. However, there is also a need for exercise to improve abilities and to prevent and treat occupational functional stress in specialized fields outside of sports and exercise, such as in music. Vocal music is the act of creating many patterns related to breathing, pronunciation and vocalization in the process of learning songs, and training in them to produce sound differently from the general public. Johan (1990) defined vocalists as people who create beautiful voices through the efficient use of muscles, and Ray et. al (2017) claimed that breathing control and breathing assistance strategies are needed for singers to perform good vocalization and suggested the importance of respiratory training saying that well-trained singers take good advantage of breathing assistance strategies. However, vocalists rarely train in strengthening respiratory muscles that are fundamental for breathing control abilities to improve such vocalization abilities. This study assumed that respiratory muscle coordination exercises and respiratory muscle training are important to produce sound properly, and attempted to examine the impact of respiratory muscle strengthening training and core exercises to strengthen breathing functions on the vocalization abilities of singers.
The research subjects were 12 female college students, with 6 in a test group and 6 in a control group, who were majoring in vocal music at a college of music in B City. The test group engaged in core exercises and respiratory muscle exercises twice a week for one hour each session for a total of 10 weeks. The control group practiced singing as they normally did. Measurements in the experiment were taken on the maximum phonation time (MPT) and pre- and post-tests were conducted for the Korean singing voice handicap index (K-SVHI), which is a psychological measurement and evaluation tool. The voice handicap index is comprised of three sub-factors such as functional, physical and emotional areas. The training consisted of 10 minutes of stretching, 40 minutes of main exercise, and 10 minutes of cool down and stretching. This exercise was conducted in two stages (first stage: weeks 1 to 5, and second stage: weeks 6 to 10) for each week session. For statistical processing, the average and mean deviations were obtained and the pre- and post-effects were verified using t-test. The results can be summarized as follows.
The maximum phonation time (MPT) of the test group increased significantly at the t(5) = 6.692, p< .001 level. For the control group, it was t(5) = 0.858, p< .430 and was therefore not significant. All the six subjects in the test group were found to show an increase in MPT in the post-test. As for the voice handicap index (K-SVHI) function, the test group shows a significant decrease at t(5) = 5.477, p< .01. However, the control group was t(5) = 0.128, p< .903 and was therefore not significant. In the physical area, the test group showed a significant decrease at t(5) = 3.266, p< .05, while in the test group, it was t(5) = 1.941, p< .110, and was therefore not significant. In the emotion area, it was found not to be significant in both the test and control groups.
Based on the results, it is clear that respiratory muscle strengthening exercises and core exercises are needed to increase MPT and decrease K-SVHI of vocalists. However, it was found that the exercise program was effective for the functional and physical areas in terms of K-SVHI, but the emotion area could not be controlled through exercise. These results confirm that exercise is essential for functional improvement in various specialized fields and to prevent occupational functional stress. Such research should be conducted more actively in the future in the sports and exercise fields as people in professional occupations can enhance their functional capacities and improve their quality of life through exercise.
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