Arabinoxylan, a complex polysaccharide in cereal cell walls, has recently received research attention as a biological response modifier. The immunomodulating effect of arabinoxylans from rice bran (AXrb) was studied using a combined process of extrusion and commercial hemicellulase treatment in orde...
Arabinoxylan, a complex polysaccharide in cereal cell walls, has recently received research attention as a biological response modifier. The immunomodulating effect of arabinoxylans from rice bran (AXrb) was studied using a combined process of extrusion and commercial hemicellulase treatment in order to elucidate the augmentation mechanism of cell-mediated immunity in vitro. The cytotoxicity of mouse spleen lymphocytes against YAC-1 tumor cells was significantly enhanced by treatment with AXrb at $10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$. In an attempt to investigate the mechanism by which AXrb enhance NK cytotoxicity, we examined the effect of AXrb on cytokine production by spleen lymphocytes. Culture supernatants of the cells incubated with AXrb were collected and analyzed for IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis by ELISA. IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ production were increased significantly. These results suggest that AXrb may induce Th1 immune responses. Macrophages play an important role in host defenses against tumors by killing them and producing secretory products, which protect against bacterial, viral infection and malignant cell growth. AXrb were examined for their ability to induce secretory and cellular responses in murine peritoneal macrophages. When macrophages were treated with various concentrations ($10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$) of AXrb, AXrb induced tumoricidal activity, as well as increasing phagocytosis and the production of NO, $H_2O_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. These results indicate that reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines are likely to be the major mediators of tumoricidal activity in AXrb-treated macrophages. Therefore, AXrb may be useful in cancer immunotherapy and it is anticipated that AXrb obtained using extrusion and subsequent enzyme treatment can be used as an ingredient in nutraceuticals and cereal-based functional food.
Arabinoxylan, a complex polysaccharide in cereal cell walls, has recently received research attention as a biological response modifier. The immunomodulating effect of arabinoxylans from rice bran (AXrb) was studied using a combined process of extrusion and commercial hemicellulase treatment in order to elucidate the augmentation mechanism of cell-mediated immunity in vitro. The cytotoxicity of mouse spleen lymphocytes against YAC-1 tumor cells was significantly enhanced by treatment with AXrb at $10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$. In an attempt to investigate the mechanism by which AXrb enhance NK cytotoxicity, we examined the effect of AXrb on cytokine production by spleen lymphocytes. Culture supernatants of the cells incubated with AXrb were collected and analyzed for IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis by ELISA. IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ production were increased significantly. These results suggest that AXrb may induce Th1 immune responses. Macrophages play an important role in host defenses against tumors by killing them and producing secretory products, which protect against bacterial, viral infection and malignant cell growth. AXrb were examined for their ability to induce secretory and cellular responses in murine peritoneal macrophages. When macrophages were treated with various concentrations ($10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$) of AXrb, AXrb induced tumoricidal activity, as well as increasing phagocytosis and the production of NO, $H_2O_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. These results indicate that reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines are likely to be the major mediators of tumoricidal activity in AXrb-treated macrophages. Therefore, AXrb may be useful in cancer immunotherapy and it is anticipated that AXrb obtained using extrusion and subsequent enzyme treatment can be used as an ingredient in nutraceuticals and cereal-based functional food.
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제안 방법
In this study, the immunomodulating efifect of arabinoxylans from rice bran (AXrb) was studied using a combined process of extrusion and commercial hemicellulase treatment in order to elucidate the mechanism of augmentation of cell-mediated immunity in vitro.
Tt is well known that macrophages carry out their nonspecific defense function through what is known as the phagocytic process (23). In this study, the effects of AXrb on phagocytosis were studied in relation to phagocytic activity as well as the lysosomal phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities of the peritoneal macrophages (Fig. 3). AXrb (10-100 |ig/ mL) were shown to increase phagocytic activity and stimulate lysosomal phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities of macrophages significantly (p<0.
대상 데이터
The mice, which were 4-5 weeks of age, were acclimated for at least 1 week. Mice at 5-6 weeks of age were used in this study. The animal quarters were strictly maintained at 22±2℃ and 50% relative humidity and followed a twelve- hour light/dark cycle.
데이터처리
SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA followed by Dunnetfs t-test (p<0.05), with SAS statistical software.
성능/효과
NK activity was further enhanced by 141% when the AXrb concentration was increased to 100 μg/mL. The results showed that AXrb are a potent BRM as manifested by the significant induction of NK cytotoxicity upon AXrb treatment - the augmentative action was detected against sensitive YAC-1 targets. It is well established that the NK-tumor cell interaction proceeds through several discrete stages (22) including eflfector: target cell recognition and binding, triggering and activation of the NK cells, release of the granOur results demonstrated that AXrb stimulated spleen lymphocytes and increased the production of IL-2 and IFN-y, which could augment the NK cytotoxicity. In addition, AXrb treatment altered the cellular functions of macrophages to kill tumor cells and to produce various molecules such as NO, H2O2, TNF-a, IL-ip and IL-6.
In addition, AXrb treatment altered the cellular functions of macrophages to kill tumor cells and to produce various molecules such as NO, H2O2, TNF-a, IL-ip and IL-6. These results suggest that AXrb may induce Thl immune responses and that ROS, RNS and inflammatory cytokines are likely to be the major mediators of tumoricidal activity in AXrb-treated macrophages. Therefore, AXrb may be useful in cancer immunotherapy and it is anticipated that AXrb obtained using extrusion and subsequent enzyme treatment can be used as an ingredient in n
후속연구
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traceuticals and cereal-based functional food. Further studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms of the arabinoxylan-enhanced, immune function.
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