Kim, Seung-Beom
(Biospectrum Life Science Institute)
,
Jung, Eun-Sun
(Biospectrum Life Science Institute)
,
Shin, Seung-Woo
(Biospectrum Life Science Institute)
,
Kim, Moo-Han
(Biospectrum Life Science Institute)
,
Kim, Young-Soo
(Biospectrum Life Science Institute)
,
Lee, Jong-Sung
(Department of Dermatological Health Management, Eul-Ji University)
,
Park, Deok-Hoon
(Biospectrum Life Science Institute)
Camellia japonica oil (CJ oil) has been used traditionally in East Asia to nourish and soothe the skin as well as help restore the elasticity of skin. CJ oil has also been used on all types of bleeding instances. However, little is known about its anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the anti-infla...
Camellia japonica oil (CJ oil) has been used traditionally in East Asia to nourish and soothe the skin as well as help restore the elasticity of skin. CJ oil has also been used on all types of bleeding instances. However, little is known about its anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory effects of CJ oil and its mechanisms of action were investigated. CJ oil inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, $PGE_2$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, expression of COX-2 and iNOS genes was reduced. To evaluate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of CJ oil, LPS-induced activation of AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ promoters was found to be significantly reduced by CJ oil. LPS-induced phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, ERK, p38, and JNK was also attenuated. Our results indicate that CJ oil exerts anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes through inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 signaling.
Camellia japonica oil (CJ oil) has been used traditionally in East Asia to nourish and soothe the skin as well as help restore the elasticity of skin. CJ oil has also been used on all types of bleeding instances. However, little is known about its anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory effects of CJ oil and its mechanisms of action were investigated. CJ oil inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, $PGE_2$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, expression of COX-2 and iNOS genes was reduced. To evaluate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of CJ oil, LPS-induced activation of AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ promoters was found to be significantly reduced by CJ oil. LPS-induced phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, ERK, p38, and JNK was also attenuated. Our results indicate that CJ oil exerts anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes through inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 signaling.
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제안 방법
Supernatants were assayed for luciferase activity. Luciferase activity was determined using a Dual Luciferase Assay system (Promega, WI) and a LB953 luminometer (Berthold, Germany). The activity was expressed as the ratio of the NF-κB-dependent firefly luciferase activity to the control thymidine kinase Renilla luciferase activity.
Therefore, in this study we characterized the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of CJ oil against inflammatory signals and demonstrated that CJ oil inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory reactions through inactivation of AP-1 and NF-κB pathway in RAW264.7 cells.
Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of CJ oil on the production of NO, PGE2, and TNF-α.
To investigate the effect of CJ oil on the production of these mediators, the levels of secreted NO, PGE2, and TNF-α were measured.
대상 데이터
Bulk wild Camellia japonica seeds were obtained from Jeju Island, Korea and voucher specimens were deposited in Jeju Hi-Tech Industry Development Institute, in Jeju Do, Korea. Camellia japonica seeds (1 kg) were transferred to the mechanical press (Dongkwang Oil Co, Seoul, Korea) and then pressed at a pressure of 600 kg/cm2 for 20 min to obtain the CJ oil.
Bulk wild Camellia japonica seeds were obtained from Jeju Island, Korea and voucher specimens were deposited in Jeju Hi-Tech Industry Development Institute, in Jeju Do, Korea. Camellia japonica seeds (1 kg) were transferred to the mechanical press (Dongkwang Oil Co, Seoul, Korea) and then pressed at a pressure of 600 kg/cm2 for 20 min to obtain the CJ oil. The extracted CJ oil was filtered with cheesecloth under vacuum to remove particulate matter.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Escherichia coli 0111:B4), β-actin antibody, and dexamethasone were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
(Beverly, MA, USA). RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea). The cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles’ Medium (Gibco, MD) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (GibCo, MD) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin at 37℃, in a humidified atmosphere containing 95% air/ 5% CO2.
데이터처리
Statistical significance of the data was determined using a one-way ANOVA coupled with a Tukey's post-hoc test.
성능/효과
Although CJ oil has been used as a soothing agent in traditional therapy and cosmetic formulations, no studies have systematically examined the effects of CJ oil on inflammation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of CJ oil were demonstrated and its mechanisms of action were characterized. Specifically, CJ oil exerted anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 via inhibition of AP-1 and NF-κB signaling.
In this study, the inhibitory mechanisms of CJ oil on the expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes was assessed and LPS-induced activation of AP-1 and NF-κB promoters was shown to be significantly reduced by CJ oil.
Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that CJ oil exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes through the inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 signaling.
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