The purpose of this study is to assess folate intake, and serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations, and investigate the association between folate status and health-related behaviors among Korean college students. A total of 169 students, aged between 18 and 27 years, participated in thi...
The purpose of this study is to assess folate intake, and serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations, and investigate the association between folate status and health-related behaviors among Korean college students. A total of 169 students, aged between 18 and 27 years, participated in this study. Dietary intake data were collected by trained interviewers using a 24-hour recall method for three non-consecutive days in 2009. Information on health-related behaviors was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Serum and RBC folate concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. The average intakes of folate were $456{\mu}gDFE$ and $347{\mu}gDFE$ in male and female students, respectively. While the average serum folate concentration was significantly lower in male students (8.9 ng/mL) compared to female students (12.5 ng/mL), RBC concentrations were not significantly different between male (398.6 ng/mL) and female students (405.3 ng/mL). In male students, low serum folate concentrations were associated with total folate intake less than the Estimated Average Requirement, non-use of folic acid supplements, smoking, alcohol drinking at least once a week and low physical activity. In female students, low serum folate concentrations were associated with smoking and alcohol drinking at least two drinks at a time and BMI ${\geq}25$. Alcohol drinking and low physical activity were also associated with low RBC folate concentrations in both male and female students. In order to improve folate nutritional status of college students, the practice of desirable health-related behaviors, such as non-smoking, moderate alcohol drinking, regular physical activity, and maintenance of healthy BMI should be encouraged along with consumption of folate-rich foods and supplements.
The purpose of this study is to assess folate intake, and serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations, and investigate the association between folate status and health-related behaviors among Korean college students. A total of 169 students, aged between 18 and 27 years, participated in this study. Dietary intake data were collected by trained interviewers using a 24-hour recall method for three non-consecutive days in 2009. Information on health-related behaviors was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Serum and RBC folate concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. The average intakes of folate were $456{\mu}gDFE$ and $347{\mu}gDFE$ in male and female students, respectively. While the average serum folate concentration was significantly lower in male students (8.9 ng/mL) compared to female students (12.5 ng/mL), RBC concentrations were not significantly different between male (398.6 ng/mL) and female students (405.3 ng/mL). In male students, low serum folate concentrations were associated with total folate intake less than the Estimated Average Requirement, non-use of folic acid supplements, smoking, alcohol drinking at least once a week and low physical activity. In female students, low serum folate concentrations were associated with smoking and alcohol drinking at least two drinks at a time and BMI ${\geq}25$. Alcohol drinking and low physical activity were also associated with low RBC folate concentrations in both male and female students. In order to improve folate nutritional status of college students, the practice of desirable health-related behaviors, such as non-smoking, moderate alcohol drinking, regular physical activity, and maintenance of healthy BMI should be encouraged along with consumption of folate-rich foods and supplements.
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가설 설정
1)Ex-smoker was combined as non-smoker in males students, but as smoker in female students due to small number.
3)Ex-smoker was combined as non-smoker in males students, but as smoker in female students due to small number.
제안 방법
Dietary intake data were collected by trained interviewers using a 24-hour recall method for three non-consecutive days in April, 2009. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated by nutrient analysis software, DS24WIN program (Seoul National University, Korea).
Numerical variables were given as the means and standard deviations (SD), and the differences of the means between the two groups were tested by a Student t-test. In order to examine the association between folate nutritional status and health-related behaviors, the variables for folic acid supplement use, smoking status, alcohol drinking frequency, amount of alcohol consumed at a time, physical activity, and BMI were categorized into the two groups. Total folate intake and blood folate concentrations of the corresponding categories were compared using a t-test for independent samples and a general linear model (GLM) for adjustment for potential confounding factors.
Information on the general characteristics and health-related behaviors, such as dietary supplement use, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity, were gathered by a self-administered questionnaire. Height and weight were measured using an automatic height and weight measuring instrument (GL-150P, G-Tech, Korea).
In order to examine the association between folate nutritional status and health-related behaviors, the variables for folic acid supplement use, smoking status, alcohol drinking frequency, amount of alcohol consumed at a time, physical activity, and BMI were categorized into the two groups. Total folate intake and blood folate concentrations of the corresponding categories were compared using a t-test for independent samples and a general linear model (GLM) for adjustment for potential confounding factors. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.
대상 데이터
The study population consisted of healthy college students, 79 males and 90 females. They were recruited for the study through an advertisement on the Internet Homepage of Chungbuk National University located in Cheongju, Korea in March, 2009.
데이터처리
-tests were used to assess the differences between the groups. Numerical variables were given as the means and standard deviations (SD), and the differences of the means between the two groups were tested by a Student t-test. In order to examine the association between folate nutritional status and health-related behaviors, the variables for folic acid supplement use, smoking status, alcohol drinking frequency, amount of alcohol consumed at a time, physical activity, and BMI were categorized into the two groups.
이론/모형
5) containing 1% ascorbic acid. Folate concentrations were determined by microbiological assay using L. casei [20]. The coefficient of variation of the folate microbiological assay was less than 10%.
성능/효과
3)Ex-smoker was combined as non-smoker in male students, but smoker in female students due to small number.
The percentages of female students with serum folate value ≥ 7 ng/mL and RBC folate value ≥ 400 ng/mL, known as concentrations associated with the lowest risk of having an NTD-affected pregnancy were 83.3% and 50.0%, respectively (Table 4).
The proportions of male and female students who consumed less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR, 320 µgDFE) were 21.5% and 45.6%, and those who consumed more than RNI were only 58.2% and 28.9%, respectively (Fig. 1).
후속연구
Male students had higher mean folate intakes, but there was no difference when expressed by energy intake between males and females. Further studies are needed to elucidate gender difference of the serum folate concentrations.
Since only 4 students was classified as BMI ≥ 25 and had low serum folate concentrations, further studies are needed to confirm the association of BMI and serum folate concentrations.
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