[논문]미국 브라운필드 관리 프로그램과 정책의 시기별 특성과 함의

김유진; 패트릭 밀러

doi:10.9715/kila.2015.43.1.096

미국 브라운필드 관리 프로그램과 정책의 시기별 특성과 함의
Periodic Characteristics and Implications of Programs and Policies for Brownfield Management in the U.S.A. 원문보기

한국조경학회지 = Journal of Korean institute of landscape architecture, v.43 no.1, 2015년, pp.96 - 107

김유진 (미국 버지니아 폴리테크닉 주립대학교 건축도시대학) , 패트릭 밀러 (미국 버지니아 폴리테크닉 주립대학교 건축도시대학)

초록
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하수처리시설, 군부대 등의 산업이전적지의 공원화 계획이 늘어나면서 브라운필드 재개발은 조경계획 및 디자인에서 하나의 분야로 자리 잡았다. 특히, 주변 커뮤니티 활성화, 지가 상승 등 동반이익에 대한 기대가 높아지면서 선별된 부지들의 종합적 계획 및 관리에 대한 필요성이 인식되고 있다. 본 연구는 미국 브라운 필드 관리 정책의 변화양상을 살펴 본 기초적인 사례연구로서, 1980년 수퍼펀드 프로그램 도입 이후, 약 30 여 년간 확장하여 온 브라운필드 프로그램과 정책의 시기별 특성을 파악하는 것을 주 목적으로 한다. 연구 방법으로 서술적, 해석적 방법에 기반한 미국 환경부 산하 기관들의 웹문서 및 관련 문헌 분석을 통해 정책의 특성을 시계열적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 주요한 변화를 기점으로 하여, 환경규제시기, 오염정화 및 재개발 촉진시기, 종합적 계획시기의 세 가지 시기로 구분되었고, 주요 특성은 규제 완화 및 재조정, 지원 프로그램의 다양화, 하향식과 상향식 방식의 조화, 데이터베이스 구축의 네 가지 측면으로 요약되었다. 본 연구는 대상지 선별기준, 이해 당사자 파악 및 책임분쟁 조정, 오염도 평가비용 및 처리 등 브라운필드만이 가진 공통 문제들이 어떻게 다뤄져 왔는지 선례를 살펴봄으로써, 향후 한국의 체계적 브라운 필드 관리 및 계획에 시사점을 제공하는 것에 의의를 두고 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Brownfield sites are beginning to be considered as potentially useful areas for landscape design and planning, with post-industrial areas such as water treatment facilities and military training bases being converted into useful landscapes such as parks and recreation areas. These redevelopments bring broad benefits through revitalizing communities and increasing property values, thus, increasing the demand for comprehensive management and planning policies. This study examines changes in U.S. brownfield policies and programs and, identifies their periodic characteristics over the thirty years since the Superfund program was introduced in 1980. A descriptive and interpretive approach was utilized, focusing specifically on a time sequential analysis of the data gathered from the overview of the Environmental Protection Agency's web-based documents and related literature. The primary changes in and characteristics of programs and policies were analyzed and divided into three periods : environmental protection, remediation and reuse, and comprehensive planning. Four major features were identified: relaxation and readjustment of regulation, diversification of support programs, a mix of top-down and bottom-up approaches, and database system building. The study examines how common brownfield problems such as site identification difficulties and assessment and remediation cost have been dealt with in the regulatory context and has implications for future policies and programs for effective brownfield planning and management in Korea.

주제어

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문제 정의

Furthermore, given that landscape architects tend to be marginalized to a certain extent due to the wide-spread perception that polluted land management requires technical rather than design solutions, this research highlights the potential contribution of landscape architects in today’s new regulatory environment.

제안 방법

For the purposes of this study, brownfield-related policies and programs in the U.S. from 1980 to the present were divided into distinct periods and the major characteristics of each defined, with the objective being to examine how the complexities and difficulties related to brownfield management have been dealt with in the American regulatory context. Over the past forty years, a variety of programs and policies for polluted land management, including the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act(RCRA)⁴⁾ of 1976, the Underground Storage Tank(UST) provisions in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, and the ongoing Brownfield Pilot Program, have been implemented and the procedures used recorded in online databases and documents.
The major characteristics of policies and programs that have developed over the last thirty years, especially how they deal with difficulties, are presented in this section. In particular, the study identified four major characteristics of U.S. brownfield policies and programs: relaxation and readjustment of regulation, support for program diversification, a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches, and database system building.
This study utilizes a descriptive and interpretive approach. Rather than focusing on causal relationships or developing a framework, this study is based on observations of specific phenomena and the various factors involved, identified through a comprehensive literature review designed to reveal general patterns and common characteristics inductively from individual policy and program reviews. The U.
The study focus on conducting a time sequential analysis from the enactment of a law to its most recent consequences differentiates this research from its predecessors due to the macroscopic viewpoint adopted. It is expected to provide useful insights into brownfield planning and management in Korea due to the parallels and similarities with the early stages of U.
This study utilizes a descriptive and interpretive approach. Rather than focusing on causal relationships or developing a framework, this study is based on observations of specific phenomena and the various factors involved, identified through a comprehensive literature review designed to reveal general patterns and common characteristics inductively from individual policy and program reviews.

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