In this paper, we investigate the impacts of the following four influential factors on flow in digital reading: contents, platforms, motivations, and places. The contents factor was subdivided into "news articles" and "journal papers"; platforms is comprised of "mobile phones," "tablets," and "lapto...
In this paper, we investigate the impacts of the following four influential factors on flow in digital reading: contents, platforms, motivations, and places. The contents factor was subdivided into "news articles" and "journal papers"; platforms is comprised of "mobile phones," "tablets," and "laptops"; motivations consists of "pleasure" and "assignments"; and "home," "on the go," and "out of home" are the subdivisions of the places factor. We conducted a questionnaire survey with the study's participants and the following results are shown: 1) The flow during the reading of news articles is influenced by motivations, whereas the flow during the reading of journal papers is influenced by platforms. 2) Regarding mobile phones, motivations significantly affected the flow, whereas content types significantly affected the flow for tablets; also, laptops provided the best flow and articles can be read on the platform regardless of motivations. 3) Reading for pleasure rather than for assignments positively influenced the flow for all of the platforms. 4) With respect to news articles, the places providing flow are different across platforms. However, for journal papers, the places out of home provided good flow. For tablets, the places for flow significantly depended on the content type, which is not the case for laptops.
In this paper, we investigate the impacts of the following four influential factors on flow in digital reading: contents, platforms, motivations, and places. The contents factor was subdivided into "news articles" and "journal papers"; platforms is comprised of "mobile phones," "tablets," and "laptops"; motivations consists of "pleasure" and "assignments"; and "home," "on the go," and "out of home" are the subdivisions of the places factor. We conducted a questionnaire survey with the study's participants and the following results are shown: 1) The flow during the reading of news articles is influenced by motivations, whereas the flow during the reading of journal papers is influenced by platforms. 2) Regarding mobile phones, motivations significantly affected the flow, whereas content types significantly affected the flow for tablets; also, laptops provided the best flow and articles can be read on the platform regardless of motivations. 3) Reading for pleasure rather than for assignments positively influenced the flow for all of the platforms. 4) With respect to news articles, the places providing flow are different across platforms. However, for journal papers, the places out of home provided good flow. For tablets, the places for flow significantly depended on the content type, which is not the case for laptops.
We believe that the result of this study would be instrumental in designing the reading apps in digital environment by helping the readers engage in flow under cross platforms.
제안 방법
In this paper, based on the literature review, we identified four main factors influencing flow such as contents, motivation, platforms and place and subdivided each factor into elements. We conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate how the combinations of the factors and elements would affect flow in digital reading.
대상 데이터
graduate students who write a master’s thesis and those working for teaching or research as the subjects of the survey. We collect total 40 men and women in their 20s to 40s as the study subjects (Table 3). They conduct online survey.
데이터처리
An independent sample t-test was conducted to compare the differences in preferences. Results of the statistical test are summarized in Table 5.
The smaller the mean is, the better flow in reading the combinations produce. The differences of the means of each ranking are then tested statistically with paired t-test.
9%). We conduct one-way ANOVA on the three groups to see the impact of places on flow in reading and obtain statistical significance at the significance level of 5%. Therefore, places significantly influence flow in reading when news articles are read in mobile phones.
성능/효과
As shown in the red zone on the top image of Fig. 6, flow in reading is good in all platforms when news articles are read for pleasure. However, as shown in the yellow zone of the figure, flow in reading is not significantly different in other two platforms than laptops when news articles are read for assignments.
In the case of journal papers, as illustrated in the top image of Fig. 7, the color changes vertically. It means that the platform factor, rather than the motivation factor, significantly affects flow in reading when journal papers are read.
In a mobile phone, motivation significantly affects flow, and in a tablet, content types significantly affect flow. A laptop is identified as the best platform for flow in reading news articles regardless of motivation and content type.
There are some limitations in this research. First, our survey is conducted for a relatively small number of respondents. Also, our findings are only based on the survey.
Our analysis of the survey result shows that, just as the research on traditional reading, reading for pleasure in general causes more flow than for assignments in digital devices. In a mobile phone, motivation significantly affects flow, and in a tablet, content types significantly affect flow. A laptop is identified as the best platform for flow in reading news articles regardless of motivation and content type.
In addition, the three platforms made differences in flow in reading depending on the places. In tablets, we found that the places positively affecting flow are different depending on content types.
In laptops, the characteristics of the platform rather than the content types, mainly influences flow. In news articles, the places providing flow are different depending on platforms, and in journal papers, the places out of home provide good flow.
In summary, our findings show that it is crucial in designing a reading app to recognize users’ circumstances, find their purposes for using the reading app, and appropriately provide contents and functions. We believe that the result of this study would be useful for designing a reading app in cross platforms in consideration of the combinations of the influential factors on flow in reading.
Our analysis of the survey result shows that, just as the research on traditional reading, reading for pleasure in general causes more flow than for assignments in digital devices. In a mobile phone, motivation significantly affects flow, and in a tablet, content types significantly affect flow.
후속연구
Also, our findings are only based on the survey. Thus, conducting an extensive experimental test may provide more useful and robust results.
We believe that the impact of each influential factor on flow in reading revealed in this study would be instrumental in designing applications on the basis of one factor and in understanding the combinations of the elements of each factor that positively affect flow in reading
In summary, our findings show that it is crucial in designing a reading app to recognize users’ circumstances, find their purposes for using the reading app, and appropriately provide contents and functions. We believe that the result of this study would be useful for designing a reading app in cross platforms in consideration of the combinations of the influential factors on flow in reading.
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