경기도 초등학교 급식에서 식습관과 지각된 식사품질이 만족에 미치는 영향 Effect of Food Habits and Perceived Food Quality on Satisfaction with Elementary School Lunch in Gyeonggi Province원문보기
도교육청은 학교급식을 서비스로 간주하고 소비자의 만족을 높이기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이 연구는 올리버의 기대 불일치 이론을 바탕으로 학생의 식습관과 지각된 품질이 학교 급식 만족에 영향을 주는지 검토하고자 한다. 우리는 학생의 성별과 학교 조건의 조절효과를 테스트하였다. 학교의 조건으로 검토한 것은 소재지가 농촌 또는 도시인지, 영양교사가 정규직 또는 비정규직인지, 조리 시설 현대화 사업을 실시 또는 미실시하였는지, 배식장소가 교실 또는 식당인지 등이다. 2014년 9월 경기도 소재 8개 학교 초등학교 6학년을 대상으로 설문이 실시되어 설문지 240부가 회수되었다. 불성실한 설문지를 제외하고, 전체 208부를 대상으로 PLS와 붓트랩 t-테스트를 하였다. 분석결과로 식습관이 만족에 직접적으로 영향을 주었으며(p<0.01), 학교급식 서비스의 지각된 품질이 부분적으로 둘 간의 관계를 매개하였다. 여학생보다 남학생의 경우에 식습관이 만족에 더 적은 영향을 주었다(p<0.1). 영양교사가 정규직인 경우가 비정규직인 경우보다 학생의 식습관이 만족에 더 작은 영향을 주었다(p<0.05). 조리 시설 현대화 사업을 시행한 학교의 경우가 식습관이 만족에 더 작은 영향을 주었다(p<0.1). 학교 소재지와 배식 장소는 식습관과 만족 사이에 유의한 조절 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 소비자의 태도를 형성하는 식습관과 지각된 품질이 상호작용하여 만족에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 학교급식의 교육적 효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 식습관 개선하는 프로그램이 동반될 필요가 있다. 정책적으로 조리 시설 현대화 사업을 미실시한 학교와 비정규직 영양교사가 있는 학교에 우선적으로 교육 프로그램이 제공된다면 교육 효과가 높아질 것이다.
도교육청은 학교급식을 서비스로 간주하고 소비자의 만족을 높이기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이 연구는 올리버의 기대 불일치 이론을 바탕으로 학생의 식습관과 지각된 품질이 학교 급식 만족에 영향을 주는지 검토하고자 한다. 우리는 학생의 성별과 학교 조건의 조절효과를 테스트하였다. 학교의 조건으로 검토한 것은 소재지가 농촌 또는 도시인지, 영양교사가 정규직 또는 비정규직인지, 조리 시설 현대화 사업을 실시 또는 미실시하였는지, 배식장소가 교실 또는 식당인지 등이다. 2014년 9월 경기도 소재 8개 학교 초등학교 6학년을 대상으로 설문이 실시되어 설문지 240부가 회수되었다. 불성실한 설문지를 제외하고, 전체 208부를 대상으로 PLS와 붓트랩 t-테스트를 하였다. 분석결과로 식습관이 만족에 직접적으로 영향을 주었으며(p<0.01), 학교급식 서비스의 지각된 품질이 부분적으로 둘 간의 관계를 매개하였다. 여학생보다 남학생의 경우에 식습관이 만족에 더 적은 영향을 주었다(p<0.1). 영양교사가 정규직인 경우가 비정규직인 경우보다 학생의 식습관이 만족에 더 작은 영향을 주었다(p<0.05). 조리 시설 현대화 사업을 시행한 학교의 경우가 식습관이 만족에 더 작은 영향을 주었다(p<0.1). 학교 소재지와 배식 장소는 식습관과 만족 사이에 유의한 조절 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 소비자의 태도를 형성하는 식습관과 지각된 품질이 상호작용하여 만족에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 학교급식의 교육적 효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 식습관 개선하는 프로그램이 동반될 필요가 있다. 정책적으로 조리 시설 현대화 사업을 미실시한 학교와 비정규직 영양교사가 있는 학교에 우선적으로 교육 프로그램이 제공된다면 교육 효과가 높아질 것이다.
The provincial education office considers providing school lunch as a foodservice and intends to improve consumer satisfaction. This study investigates the effect of student food habits and perceived food quality on satisfaction with school lunch based on Oliver's expectancy disconfirmation theory. ...
The provincial education office considers providing school lunch as a foodservice and intends to improve consumer satisfaction. This study investigates the effect of student food habits and perceived food quality on satisfaction with school lunch based on Oliver's expectancy disconfirmation theory. We test the moderating effect of student gender and school conditions, such as the location of the school, job positon of the nutrition teacher, renovating kitchen and food distributing place. Questionnaires were collected from 240 sixth graders in the eight elementary schools in Gyeonggi province from August to September 2014. Excluding inadequate questionnaires, 208 were analyzed. PLS (Partial Least Square) and bootstrap t-tests were conducted for this study. The results showed food habits affected satisfaction directly (p<0.01). The perceived food quality of the school lunch service mediated this relationship in part (p<0.01). Moderating effects identified were gender (p<0.1), nutrition teacher's position(p<0.05), and renovating kitchen (p<0.1), but not location of school or distributing place. The study revealed the importance of student food habits and perceived food quality, which had an influence on satisfaction. We make a distinction between the concepts of satisfaction and quality so as to improve student satisfaction. When it comes to offering education program about food habits, the schools with old-fashion kitchen is given priority to than renovating one.
The provincial education office considers providing school lunch as a foodservice and intends to improve consumer satisfaction. This study investigates the effect of student food habits and perceived food quality on satisfaction with school lunch based on Oliver's expectancy disconfirmation theory. We test the moderating effect of student gender and school conditions, such as the location of the school, job positon of the nutrition teacher, renovating kitchen and food distributing place. Questionnaires were collected from 240 sixth graders in the eight elementary schools in Gyeonggi province from August to September 2014. Excluding inadequate questionnaires, 208 were analyzed. PLS (Partial Least Square) and bootstrap t-tests were conducted for this study. The results showed food habits affected satisfaction directly (p<0.01). The perceived food quality of the school lunch service mediated this relationship in part (p<0.01). Moderating effects identified were gender (p<0.1), nutrition teacher's position(p<0.05), and renovating kitchen (p<0.1), but not location of school or distributing place. The study revealed the importance of student food habits and perceived food quality, which had an influence on satisfaction. We make a distinction between the concepts of satisfaction and quality so as to improve student satisfaction. When it comes to offering education program about food habits, the schools with old-fashion kitchen is given priority to than renovating one.
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문제 정의
This study examines the effect of student food habits and the quality of food on their foodservice satisfaction. Furthermore, we examine whether satisfaction from eating habits, which involve automatic responses, is different from group to group depending on region, job position of nutrition teachers (part time or full time), renovating kitchen, and so on.
가설 설정
At first, we considered whether measurements in this study have proper reliability or not. Reliability refers to how steady the results are when repetitive measurements are conducted.
제안 방법
Next we conducted Confirmatory Factor Analysis to examine convergent validities and discriminant validity. Generally it is desirable to have convergent validity when factor loading is between 0.
The survey questionnaire was composed mainly of four categories, which are Satisfaction with School Foodservices, Quality of Food, Individual Food Habits, and the Current State of the School. Each of the questions was carefully designed for the purpose of this study, while referring to past studies.
This study not only examines the perceived food quality of food and student individual food habits as influence factors on satisfaction level with school foodservices, but also measures the moderating effects of group-level characteristics such as gender, location of the school, position of nutritionist or nutrition teacher, condition of foodservices, and meal distribution place. Utilizing Structural Equation Model analysis, we found that the positive perceived food quality and student food habits have positive influences on the satisfaction with school foodservices that contain emotional responses.
대상 데이터
116 female students and 92 male students were surveyed. The average student population for a school was 874, with a maximum 1,390 and minimum 500.
The surveys were conducted from August to September 2014 on sixth grade students in schools operating environmentally friendly and free foodservices in the Gyeonggi area. Samples consist of six schools in Goyang-si, and two schools in Paju-si.
이론/모형
The latent variable with the highest number of factors in this study is ‘Satisfaction with School Foodservice’, which has four measured factors, so that our 208 samples are sufficient enough for the SEM method.
This study applies Partial Least Squares (PLS) for statistical analysis between latent variables. PLS, which is a form of the Structural Equation Model for multivariable analysis, is not restricted by the rigid rule that all the samples should have normal distribution, and maximizes path-coefficients rather than finds model-fits.
성능/효과
Students who have good food habits such as eating balanced side dishes with plenty of vegetables or eating meals regularly tend to show a relatively higher satisfaction level with school foodservices. Third, perceived food quality of food can be a parameter, which partially moderates effects between food habits and satisfaction. Students tend to show higher satisfaction for school foodservices and think the quality of food is higher when they have more balanced and regular food habits.
후속연구
The future direction of this study is to expand the sample source to non-capital areas, including urban and rural, to make it possible to achieve higher external validity, and to identify variables that have influences on food habits and the perception of food to increase consumers’ perception of school foodservice and develop relevant educational sources.
The implications of this study can be to give priority to offering dietary education to schools without renovating kitchen or schools with part-time or temporary nutritionists or nutrition teachers in the dimension of the Provincial Office of Education, and to develop customized education methods only for female students. Additionally, the efficiency of education can be improved by departmentalizing schools and students with proper standards and setting the education priority of each.
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