[국내논문]Influence of Wheat Straw Pelletizing and Inclusion Rate in Dry Rolled or Steam-flaked Corn-based Finishing Diets on Characteristics of Digestion for Feedlot Cattle원문보기
Manriquez, O.M.
(Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Baja California)
,
Montano, M.F.
(Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Baja California)
,
Calderon, J.F.
(Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Baja California)
,
Valdez, J.A.
(Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Baja California)
,
Chirino, J.O.
(Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Baja California)
,
Gonzalez, V.M.
(Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Baja California)
,
Salinas-Chavira, J.
(Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas)
,
Mendoza, G.D.
(Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Autonomous Metropolitan University)
,
Soto, S.
(Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University)
,
Zinn, R.A.
(Department of Animal Science, University of California)
Eight Holstein steers ($216{\pm}48kg$ body weight) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to evaluate effects of wheat straw processing (ground vs pelleted) at two straw inclusion rates (7% and 14%; dry matter basis) in dry rolled or steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets on...
Eight Holstein steers ($216{\pm}48kg$ body weight) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to evaluate effects of wheat straw processing (ground vs pelleted) at two straw inclusion rates (7% and 14%; dry matter basis) in dry rolled or steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets on characteristics of digestion. The experimental design was a split plot consisting of two simultaneous $4{\times}4$ Latin squares. Increasing straw level reduced ruminal (p<0.01) and total tract (p = 0.03) organic matter (OM) digestion. As expected, increasing wheat straw level from 7% to 14% decreased (p0.10) by wheat straw level. Likewise, straw level did not influence ruminal acetate and propionate molar proportions or estimated methane production (p>0.10). Pelleting straw did not affect ($p{\geq}0.48$) ruminal digestion of OM, NDF, and starch, or microbial efficiency. Ruminal feed N digestion was greater (7.4%; p = 0.02) for ground than for pelleted wheat straw diets. Although ruminal starch digestion was not affected by straw processing, post-ruminal (p<0.01), and total-tract starch (p = 0.05) digestion were greater for ground than for pelleted wheat straw diets, resulting in a tendency for increased post-ruminal (p = 0.06) and total tract (p = 0.07) OM digestion. Pelleting wheat straw decreased (p<0.01) ruminal pH, although ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and estimated methane were not affected ($p{\geq}0.27$). Ruminal digestion of OM and starch, and post-ruminal and total tract digestion of OM, starch and N were greater (p0.14) by corn processing. However, microbial N flow to the small intestine and ruminal N efficiency (non-ammonia N flow to the small intestine/N intake) were greater (p<0.01) for steam-flaked than for dry rolled corn-based diets. Ruminal pH and total VFA concentration were not affected ($p{\geq}0.16$) by corn processing method. Compared with dry rolled corn, steam-flaked corn-based diets resulted in decreased acetate:propionate molar ratio (p = 0.02). It is concluded that at 7% or 14% straw inclusion rate, changes in physical characteristics of wheat straw brought about by pelleting negatively impact OM digestion of both steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn-based finishing diets. This effect is due to decreased post-ruminal starch digestion. Replacement of ground straw with pelleted straw also may decrease ruminal pH.
Eight Holstein steers ($216{\pm}48kg$ body weight) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to evaluate effects of wheat straw processing (ground vs pelleted) at two straw inclusion rates (7% and 14%; dry matter basis) in dry rolled or steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets on characteristics of digestion. The experimental design was a split plot consisting of two simultaneous $4{\times}4$ Latin squares. Increasing straw level reduced ruminal (p<0.01) and total tract (p = 0.03) organic matter (OM) digestion. As expected, increasing wheat straw level from 7% to 14% decreased (p0.10) by wheat straw level. Likewise, straw level did not influence ruminal acetate and propionate molar proportions or estimated methane production (p>0.10). Pelleting straw did not affect ($p{\geq}0.48$) ruminal digestion of OM, NDF, and starch, or microbial efficiency. Ruminal feed N digestion was greater (7.4%; p = 0.02) for ground than for pelleted wheat straw diets. Although ruminal starch digestion was not affected by straw processing, post-ruminal (p<0.01), and total-tract starch (p = 0.05) digestion were greater for ground than for pelleted wheat straw diets, resulting in a tendency for increased post-ruminal (p = 0.06) and total tract (p = 0.07) OM digestion. Pelleting wheat straw decreased (p<0.01) ruminal pH, although ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and estimated methane were not affected ($p{\geq}0.27$). Ruminal digestion of OM and starch, and post-ruminal and total tract digestion of OM, starch and N were greater (p0.14) by corn processing. However, microbial N flow to the small intestine and ruminal N efficiency (non-ammonia N flow to the small intestine/N intake) were greater (p<0.01) for steam-flaked than for dry rolled corn-based diets. Ruminal pH and total VFA concentration were not affected ($p{\geq}0.16$) by corn processing method. Compared with dry rolled corn, steam-flaked corn-based diets resulted in decreased acetate:propionate molar ratio (p = 0.02). It is concluded that at 7% or 14% straw inclusion rate, changes in physical characteristics of wheat straw brought about by pelleting negatively impact OM digestion of both steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn-based finishing diets. This effect is due to decreased post-ruminal starch digestion. Replacement of ground straw with pelleted straw also may decrease ruminal pH.
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문제 정의
, 1986). The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the influence of wheat straw level and processing method on characteristics of digestion of dry rolled or steam-flaked corn (SFC)-based finishing diets.
제안 방법
Eight Holstein steers (216±48 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a split plot design consisting of two simultaneous 4×4 Latin squares to evaluate the influence of wheat straw level (7% vs 14%, DM basis) and processing method (ground vs pelleting) on characteristics of digestion of dry rolled and SFC-based finishing diets for feedlot cattle.
Chromic oxide was premixed with minor ingredients (urea, limestone and trace mineral salt) before incorporation into complete mixed diets. The eight treatments were: 7% ground wheat straw (GRWS) with dry rolled corn (DRC); 7% pelleted wheat straw (PEWS) with DRC; 14% GRWS with DRC;14% PEWS with DRC; 7% GRWS with SFC; 7% PEWS with SFC; 14% GRWS with SFC; 14% PEWS with SFC. GRWS was processed in a hammer mill (Bear Cat #1A-S, Westerns Land and Roller Co.
94 kg/d. The experiment consisted of four 14-d periods, consisting of 10 d for diet adjustment plus 4 d for sample collection. During collection, duodenal and fecal samples were taken from each steer twice daily over a period of 4 successive days as follows: d 1, 0750 and 1350 h; d 2, 0900 and 1500 h; d 3, 1050 and 1650 h; and d 4, 1200 and 1800 h.
The experiment consisted of four 14-d periods, consisting of 10 d for diet adjustment plus 4 d for sample collection. During collection, duodenal and fecal samples were taken from each steer twice daily over a period of 4 successive days as follows: d 1, 0750 and 1350 h; d 2, 0900 and 1500 h; d 3, 1050 and 1650 h; and d 4, 1200 and 1800 h. Individual samples consisted of approximately 700 mL of duodenal chyme and 200 g (wet basis) of fecal material.
The trial was evaluated as a split plot design consisting of two simultaneous 4×4 Latin squares according to the model: Yijkl = m+Bi +Aj(i)+Pk+Tl+BTij+eijkl, Bi is whole plot (corn processing), Aj(i) is steer with whole plot, Pk is period, Tl is wheat straw level x processing subplot treatments, BTij is whole plot×subplot treatment interaction and eijkl is residual error.
대상 데이터
During collection, duodenal and fecal samples were taken from each steer twice daily over a period of 4 successive days as follows: d 1, 0750 and 1350 h; d 2, 0900 and 1500 h; d 3, 1050 and 1650 h; and d 4, 1200 and 1800 h. Individual samples consisted of approximately 700 mL of duodenal chyme and 200 g (wet basis) of fecal material. Samples for each steer within each collection period were composited for analysis.
성능/효과
Results of this study indicate that at 7% or 14% straw inclusion rate, changes in physical characteristics of wheat straw brought about by pelleting may have a small negative impact on OM digestion of both steam-flaked and dryrolled corn-based finishing diets. This effect is due to decreased post-ruminal starch digestion.
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