[논문]건축물에 사용된 석면함유물질(ACMs)의 조사 및 위해성 평가

김홍관; 천영우; 노영만; 홍승한; 김치년; 이익모

doi:10.15269/jksoeh.2018.28.1.35

건축물에 사용된 석면함유물질(ACMs)의 조사 및 위해성 평가
Investigation and Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Materials used in Buildings 원문보기

한국산업보건학회지 = Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, v.28 no.1, 2018년, pp.35 - 42

김홍관 (인하대학교 대학원 환경안전융합전공) , 천영우 () , 노영만 (송현켐컨설팅) , 홍승한 (연세대학교 의과대학 환경공해연구소) , 김치년 (연세대학교 보건대학원 및 산업보건연구소) , 이익모 (인하대학교 화학과)

초록
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Objectives:본 연구의 목적은 석면함유물질의 사용 특성을 조사하고, "환경부고시 제2016-230호 석면건축물의 위해성 평가 방법"을 적용하여 위해성평가를 실시하였다. Methods:서울 및 경인지역에 위치한 건축물 100개소를 선정하였으며, 지역의 구분은 서울 29개, 인천 20개, 경기 51개이다. 건축연도는 1970년대 3개, 1980년대 11개, 1990년대 42개, 2000년대 44개로 구분하여 조사하였다. 고형시료의 분석은 고효율 필터가 부착된 후드 내에서 입체현미경을 이용하여 전처리 과정을 거쳐 편광현미경으로 분석하였으며, 분석결과가 함유율 1% 초과인 경우에 석면함유물질(Asbestos-Containing Materials, ACMs)을 석면으로 규정하였다. 석면건축자재의 위해성 평가 방법 및 기준은 "환경부고시 제2016-230호 석면건축물의 위해성 평가 방법"을 참고하여 석면함유물질에 노출된 위해성 등급은 세 가지 단계(높음, 중간, 낮음)로 평가하였다. Results: 건축물 100개소 중 30개소, 고형시료 416개 중 36개(8.6%)에서 석면함유물질이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 1990년대에 지어진 건축물 42개 중 18개에서 석면이 높은 비율로 검출되었으며, 2000년대에 지어진 건물 44개 중 7개에서 가장 낮은 비율로 검출되었다. "환경부고시 제2016-230호 석면건축물의 위해성 평가 방법"에 따라 평가를 실시한 결과, 2개 건축자재의 위해성평가 등급은 "중간"으로 나타났으며, 28개의 건축자재는 "낮음" 으로 나타났다. Conclusion: 석면은 정부에 의해 규제되고 있어 적극적으로 관리를 하여야 하고, 다양한 상황에서 얻은 데이터가 뒷받침하는 석면 노출 위해성 평가방법을 도입하여 시행이 필요할 것이다. 개인이 소유하고 있는 건물의 경우 건축주가 석면 노출의 위해성을 인지하고 있어야 할 것이다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to research the usage characteristics of asbestos-containing building materials and to conduct exposure risk assessment by applying no. 2016-230 "Methods of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings" from the Ministry of Environment. Methods: One hundred buildings located in the Seoul and Gyeonggi-Incheon area were chosen, with 29 in Seoul, 20 in Incheon, and 51 in Gyeonggi-do Province. The year of construction was divided between three buildings in the 1970s, 11 buildings in the 1980s, 42 buildings in the 1990s, and 44 buildings in the 2000s. The bulk samples were analyzed by using a polarizing microscope after a pre-process using a stereomicroscope in a hood with an HEPA filter. This study defined ACMs(asbestos-containing materials) as asbestos when the content percentage was over 1% in the analysis result. Methods and standards of risk assessment of asbestos-containing building materials were conducted by refering to no. 2016-230 "Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings" from the Ministry of Environment. The risk of exposure to ACMs was rated by a score based on three categories(high, middle, low risk of asbestos exposure). Results: In this study, 30 of the 100 buildings and 36 of the 416 bulk samples(8.6%) were found to have had asbestos. Asbestos was detected at a high rate, in 18 out of 42, in buildings constructed in the 1990s and at the lowest rate(7 out of 44) for buildings constructed in the 2000s. As a result of the evaluation according to no. 2016-230 "Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings" of the Ministry of Environment, the risk assessment level of two asbestos-containing building materials was found to be "Medium", and 28 buildings materials were found to be at the "Low" level. Conclusion: As asbestos is regulated by the government, it is required to conduct active management and implemention by introducing methods of risk assessment of asbestos exposure that are supported by data from various situations. In the case of buildings owned by individuals, building owners should be aware of the risk of exposure to asbestos.

주제어

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문제 정의

Research on privately owned buildings is required. In this study, the year of construction of the building and the ownership type(for management) of the building were made the bases of the investigation that was conducted to confirm the features of ACMs and the risk of exposure to them.

제안 방법

The number of buildings built after the 1990s was more than 85% of the total number of buildings. The buildings were categorized into four types: isolated building, attached building, apartment, and villa. These types were confirmed by building documents and the facility officials(Table 2).
The investigation was conducted by asbestos analysts according to the asbestos analysis and quality control rule and the samples taken from the buildings were sorted by homogeneous area. The homogeneous areas were classified based on the similar visible properties and textures, and the analysts took samples of the suspected ACMs within the homogeneous areas(Figure 1).
The samples were pre-processed with stereomicroscope in a hood with an HEPA(High efficiency particulate air) filter, and were analyzed with a polarizing microscope according to the analysis method of bulk samples for the asbestos sampling of buildings(Article 38-2 of the Occupation Safety and Health Act, and Article 80-5 of the same act's enforcement regulations).

대상 데이터

Asbestos was detected in 4 of the 15 attached buildings, and also in two isolated buildings and one apartment. No asbestos was detected in the villas(Table 6).
Overall, asbestos was detected in 35 of the 416 samples, and the detection rate was 8%. It was detected in 28 of the 137 samples taken from the ceilings, with the largest detection rate. This result was caused by the use of textile and cement boards.
The building materials were categorized by building type, and asbestos was detected in 28 of the 137 ceiling material samples taken from the attached buildings, with the largest detection rate. It was detected in one slate roofing material from an isolated buildings, and in one gasket from an attached building.
Twenty-nine office buildings in Seoul, 20 in Incheon, and 51 in Gyeonggi were analyzed. The buildings were categorized as private and state-owned, and the numbers were 76 and 24, respectively.

성능/효과

7. Asbestos was detected in 30 of the 100 samples of possible ACMs, and two of the samples got the grade “middle-higher chance of potential damage” while 28 got the grade “low-lower change of potential damage.

참고문헌 (18)

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용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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