[논문]Effects of Wearable Near-Infrared Rays on Knee Pain in Korean Elderly Adults

Lee, Jin-Min; Kim, Kye-Ha

doi:10.13160/ricns.2020.13.4.121

[국내논문] Effects of Wearable Near-Infrared Rays on Knee Pain in Korean Elderly Adults 원문보기

Journal of the Chosun Natural Science = 조선자연과학논문집, v.13 no.4, 2020년, pp.121 - 127

Lee, Jin-Min (Department of nursing, Chosun University) , Kim, Kye-Ha (Ex-Department of Computer and Electron Communication, Yanbian University of Science and Technology)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

To investigate the effects of wearable near-infrared ray-emitting knee pads on knee pain among elderly adults in Korea. Randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of near-infrared rays (NIR) on knee pain in Korean elderly adults. Five community-based research facilities (two welfare centers, a senior citizen center, and two churches). Forty-seven participants aged 65 years and older who had experienced knee pain. The experimental group (n = 25) wore NIR-emitting knee pads for one month at nighttime while sleeping. The control group (n = 22) wore knee pads without NIR. Demographic characteristics, intensity and duration of knee pain, amount of analgesic medication used, range of motion, gait speed, and health-related quality of life were collected using questionnaires. The experimental group showed decreased intensity (t = -6.17, p < 0.001) and duration (t = -3.34, p = 0.002) of knee pain and reduced analgesic use (t = -2.30, p = 0.026) compared to the control group. NIR may be an effective non-pharmacological option for relieving knee pain in elderly adults.

주제어

표/그림 (3)

표 Table 1. Homogeneity test of general characteristics for participants (N=47)
표 Table 2. Homogeneity test of pre-test dependent variables (N=47)
표 Table 3. Changes in pain of irradiation of NIR (N=47)

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문제 정의

">assessments[21]. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of NIR on the intensity and duration of knee pain, analgesic use, range of motion, gait speed, and health-related quality of life among community-dwell-ing elderly adults in Korea.

제안 방법

A cluster randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate the clinical effects of NIR on knee pain among Korean elderly adults. A total of 47 elderly adults aged 65 years and older were included in this study.
At baseline, all participants completed a demographics questionnaire and completed assessments relating to the study outcomes (intensity and duration of knee pain, analgesics use, ROM, gait speed, and HRQOL). The experimental group was provided a prototype NIR-irra-diating knee pad to be worn on the affected knee joint.
All other study procedures were consistent between the experimental and control group. Following the 1-month study period, all participants completed a post-test questionnaire.
Given the limitations in movement and daily activities associated with knee pain, this study assessed the effect of NIR on participant’s range of motion (ROM). Since limitations in knee ROM may be associated with a reduced ability to walk, the participants’ gait speed was measured.
pain relief was measured. In this study, pain killers were defined as any oral medication taken by the participants to alleviate knee pain, in addition to arthritis medication.

대상 데이터

Korean elderly adults. A total of 47 elderly adults aged 65 years and older were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were knee pain level of ≥ 5 on the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the previous month and no contraindications for infrared ray use.
The required sample size was 21 participants per group. A total of 60 elderly adults were recruited to the experimental (n = 30) or control group (n = 30). Participants were excluded if they did not wear the knee pad continuously (n = 13), and the remaining 47 participants were included in the analysis (experimental group, 25 participants; control group, 22 A total of 60 elderly adults were recruited to the experimental (n = 30) or control group (n = 30). Participants were excluded if they did not wear the knee pad continuously (n = 13), and the remaining 47 participants were included in the analysis (experimental group, 25 participants; control group, 22 participants). To maintain separation between the experimental and control groups, the participants in District A were randomly assigned the experimental intervention and those in District B were assigned the control Participants were recruited from welfare centers, a senior citizen center, and churches in G city, South Korea between April and August 2017. Elderly adults who were interested in participating were provided information about the study.
80. The required sample size was 21 participants per group. A total of 60 elderly adults were recruited to the experimental (n = 30) or control group (n = 30).

데이터처리

Chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and independent t-tests were performed to compare demographic characteristics and pre-test variables between the two groups. An independent t-test was used to compare the differences in pre- and post-test scores between the two groups. P-values of ≤ 0.
0. Chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and independent t-tests were performed to compare demographic characteristics and pre-test variables between the two groups. An independent t-test was used to compare the differences in pre- and post-test scores between the two groups.

이론/모형

The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of the participants was assessed using the Korean version of the SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life Scale (SBQOL)[23, 24]. This tool consists of 23 items and assesses five components of quality of life: competence (seven items), psychological well-being (four items), stability (six items), physical well-being (four items), and activity (two items).

성능/효과

After wearing the NIR-emitting knee pad for 1 month, the experimental group had significantly reduced intensity and duration of knee pain. In addition, participants in this group showed reduced painkiller use.
At study completion, participants in the intervention group had a statistically significant decrease in their reported intensity and duration of knee pain compared to the control group, as well as reduced analgesics use. The VAS pain scores in the experimental group decreased from 7.
This study found that an NIR-irradiating wearable knee pad provided significant therapeutic benefits in community-dwelling Korean elderly adults experiencing knee pain. The intervention group showed decreased intensity and duration of knee pain and reduced painkiller use than the control group.

후속연구

Moreover, long-term use of analgesics for pain relief can cause adverse health effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbances^[30], whereas an NIR-based intervention may provide pain relief without these side effects. Further research is necessary to evaluate the effects of continuous NIR irradiation on long-term outcomes of pain.
">application. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate an intervention method using NIR technologies that aims to relieve the pain frequently experienced by elderly adults. NIR have been applied in palliative medical approaches for pain reduction and impairment of wound healing in other countries^[19].
These results suggest that a wearable NIR device may be an effective intervention for pain relief in elderly adults experiencing knee pain. Further research is needed to validate these findings and to evaluate the effects of applying NIR to other regions of the body that are experiencing pain.
">reduction. Future research should consider assessing other activities such as climbing stairs in addition to normal gait speed when the knee pain is alleviated.
Lastly, this study was limited in terms of generalization as all participants were recruited from one city in Korea. Future research should explore the use of NIR in other populations.
Invasive treatments such as acupuncture may not be appropriate for those who fear pain. Therefore, future research should explore alternate intervention methods for relieving knee pain that overcome these shortcomings.

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