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만성폐쇄성폐질환과 수면장애
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Sleep Disorder 원문보기

수면·정신생리 = Sleep medicine and psychophysiology, v.27 no.1, 2020년, pp.8 - 15  

김세원 (은평성모병원 호흡기내과, 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ,  강현희 (울산대학교병원 호흡기내과)

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Sleep disorder in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common and typically is associated with oxygen desaturation. The mechanisms of desaturation include hypoventilation and ventilation to perfusion mismatch. Despite the importance of sleep in patients with COPD, this topic is under-asse...

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  • 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 약 40%에서 수면 장애가 있는 것으로 보고되며, 이 경우 불리한 임상 경과를 보이는 것으로 알려져 있으나(Rennard 등 2002), 이러한 환자에서 수면 중 증상은 만성 피로나 졸림증과 같은 비특이적인 증상으로 오인되어 의사가 간과하기 쉬우며, 환자 본인도 이에 대해 인지하는 경우가 많지 않다 (Agusti 등 2011). 본 논문에서는 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서 수면과 관련된 호흡 장애의 병태생리학적 기전 및 만성폐쇄성폐질환과 수면의 질 사이의 상관관계에 대해 알아보고, 수면 장애가 동반된 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 치료 방법에 관해 논의하고자 한다.
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핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
만성폐쇄성폐질환의 특징은? 만성폐쇄성폐질환(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)은 주로 흡연과 같은 유독한 물질에 의한 폐 손상으로 발생한 비가역적인 기도 폐쇄가 특징인 질환이다. 만성폐쇄성폐질환은 진행하는 호흡곤란과 만성기침이 특징이며, 체내 다양한 기관에서 여러 질환을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 수면은 호흡중추조절과 폐 역학(lung mechanics), 근육 수축성의 변화를 통해 호흡에 영향을 미친다.
만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에게서 수면 중 1회 호흡량이 감소하는 원인은? 정상적으로 비렘수면(non-REM) 시에는 1회 호흡량 (tidal volume)과 더불어 분당 환기량(minute ventilation) 이 감소하며 렘수면 시에는 더 큰 폭으로 감소하게 되어, 깨있을 때와 비교하였을 때 환기 수준이 25% 정도로 떨어지게 된다(Douglas 등 1982). 수면 중 1회 호흡량이 감소하는 원인은 렘수면 시 상기도 근육의 긴장도 감소로 인한 기도저항(airway resistance)의 증가로 초래된 부하의 상승, 앙와위(supine) 자세에서 횡경막의 cephaloid 변위(displacement)로 인한 근육 용적의 감소, 비횡경막성 렘 무긴장증 (nondiaphragmatic REM atonia)와 같은 신경호흡구동(neural respiratory drive)의 변화와 같은 복합적인 요인 때문인 것으로 설명된다(Becker 등 1999). 이러한 1회 호흡량의 감소는 호흡수의 증가로 보상되지 않으므로 전반적인 환기의 감소를 초래한다.
만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에게서 수면이 호흡에 미치는 영향은? 수면은 호흡중추조절과 폐 역학(lung mechanics), 근육 수축성의 변화를 통해 호흡에 영향을 미친다. 수면이 호흡에 미치는 영향은 정상인에서는 크지 않지만, 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서는, 특히 렘(REM)수면 시 중대한 저산소혈증(hypoxemia) 및 고이산화탄소혈증(hypercapnia)을 초래할 수 있다(McNicholas 2000). 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 약 40%에서 수면 장애가 있는 것으로 보고되며, 이 경우 불리한 임상 경과를 보이는 것으로 알려져 있으나(Rennard 등 2002), 이러한 환자에서 수면 중 증상은 만성 피로나 졸림증과 같은 비특이적인 증상으로 오인되어 의사가 간과하기 쉬우며, 환자 본인도 이에 대해 인지하는 경우가 많지 않다 (Agusti 등 2011).
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