[논문]Prospective Diary Survey of Preschool Children's Social Contact Patterns: A Pilot Study

Oh, Hyang Soon; Ryu, Mikyung

doi:10.4094/chnr.2020.26.4.393

[국내논문] Prospective Diary Survey of Preschool Children's Social Contact Patterns: A Pilot Study 원문보기

CHNR : Child health nursing research, v.26 no.4, 2020년, pp.393 - 401

Oh, Hyang Soon (Department of Nursing, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University) , Ryu, Mikyung (Department of Nursing, Daegu University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to describe children's social contact patterns and to analyze factors related to their social contacts. Methods: The participants were 30 children aged ≥13 months to <7 years, whose teachers at childcare centers and parents at home were asked to maintain diaries of their social contacts prospectively for 24 hours. Data were collected from November 30, 2018, to January 7, 2019. Results: The 30 participating children were in contact with 363 persons in a 24-hours period (mean, 12.1±9.1). The number of contacts showed significant relationships with day of the week (p<.001), number of family members/cohabitants (p=.015), area of residence (p=.003), and type of housing (p=.002). A multiple regression model showed significantly higher numbers of contacts on weekdays (B=10.64, p=.010). Physical versus non-physical types of contact showed significant differences in terms of duration, location, and frequency (p<.001). The duration of contacts showed significant relationships with their location and frequency (p<.001), while the frequency of contacts was significantly related to their location (p<.001). Conclusion: This is the first survey describing the characteristics of Korean preschool children's social contacts. Further large-scale social contact studies of children should be conducted.

Keyword

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문제 정의

This was the first study that examined children's social contact patterns in Korea using the Social Contact Survey Instrument.
Similar studies that examined the features of social contact reported significant findings from smaller samples of college students (29 or higher [25] or 28 or higher [26]). The significance of this study is that it examined social contact patterns in preschool children in Korea, who had never been studied in the previous literature. Therefore, these findings provide the foundation for subsequent nationwide, large-scale studies.

제안 방법

The specific objectives were to describe children's social contact patterns and to identify the predictors of children's social contacts.
At each participating facility, parents who had consented to participate were given an in-person explanation about the study's purpose and data collection method and were familiarized with the method for completing the Social Contact Survey Instrument, which was followed by a question-andanswer session to ensure that they had adequately understood. The study participants were instructed to record social contact over any 24-hour period they chose (e.g., 5 AM to 5 AM). They were instructed to explain any physical and non-physical contact through specific examples and to use leaflets with pictures that were tailored to help the children understand the terminology used in the contact diary.

대상 데이터

The target population included children who were capable of verbal communication and were attending a childcare center at which contact transmission could occur. For the convenience of data collection, preschool children aged between 13 months and 84 months attending a group-care facility, such as daycare, were selected. In addition, for contact patterns at home, only children who could be observed by their parents at home were selected.
Because children are minors and vulnerable, they were enrolled only from childcare centers where the directors voluntarily consented and decided to participate in the study, and if their caregivers (the in-charge teacher) voluntarily provided consent to participate after being informed of the study's purpose and methods. Thirty children (10 each from two childcare centers in Seoul and one in Gyeonggi Province) were enrolled in the study.
The 30 participating children were in contact with an average of 12.1±9.1 persons per child during the 24-hour period, ranging from 2 to 38 persons.

데이터처리

Predictors of children's number of contacts were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis.
, Armonk, NY, USA). Nominal variables were analyzed using the x² test (Fisher exact test), whereas continuous variables were analyzed using the t-test and analysis of variance. Predictors of children's number of contacts were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis.

이론/모형

In a multiple regression analysis containing variables that were significant in the univariate analysis (residential area, housing type, day of week, number of cohabitants) and age (in months), an important characteristic of child development, the final multivariable model with the number of cohabitants removed was constructed with a multiple stepwise variable selection algorithms.

성능/효과

While the findings of this pilot study have limited generalizability because only 30 children were examined, the study is highly significant as the first attempt to identify children's social contact patterns in Korea.

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