[논문]Periparturient stocking density affects lying and ruminating behavior and one-week-calf performance of Holstein cows

Jiang, Mingming; Alugongo, Gibson Maswayi; Xiao, Jianxin; Li, Congcong; Ma, Yulin; Li, Tingting; Cao, Zhijun; Liu, Dasen

doi:10.5713/ajas.20.0126

Periparturient stocking density affects lying and ruminating behavior and one-week-calf performance of Holstein cows 원문보기

Animal bioscience, v.34 no.4, 2021년, pp.759 - 769

Jiang, Mingming (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University) , Alugongo, Gibson Maswayi (College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) , Xiao, Jianxin (College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) , Li, Congcong (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) , Ma, Yulin (College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) , Li, Tingting (College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University) , Cao, Zhijun (College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) , Liu, Dasen (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on the behavior, productivity, and metabolism of periparturient Holstein cows as well as calf performance. Methods: A total of 48 periparturient cows were randomly assigned into three groups at 28 days (±3 days) before their expected calving date. The stocking densities of the groups, relative to the standard cubicle and feed bunk number, were i) 80% (13 cows), ii) 100% (16 cows), and iii) 120% (19 cows). Lying and rumination behavior was recorded using electronic data loggers and HR-Tags from d -21 ("d-" means days before calving) until the calving date, d 0. Lying time was assessed to determine the diurnal total hours spent lying per day. Rumination time was averaged in 2 hours interval periods over 24 hours during the experimental period. Results: Cows in the 80% group spent more time lying and ruminating between d -21 and d -7 and tended to ruminate more between d -14 and d 0. Calcium levels tended to be higher for cows in the 80% group, no other observable differences were found in monitored blood parameters. Moreover, 3.5% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk yields were higher in 80% group in the first month of lactation. No other observable differences were found in the yield and composition of colostrum and milk in the first 10 months of lactation. The growth and performance of calves in the first week of life was not affected by stocking density of the dams. Conclusion: We concluded that lower stocking density may increase lying and ruminating behavior of prepartum Holstein cows. However, this did not translate into improved productivity and metabolism.

주제어

표/그림 (12)

표 Table 1. Ingredient composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (dry matter, %)
그림 Figure 1. Effect of different feeding density on lying time and ruminating time. During the prepartum period (d -21 to -7 before calving). Lying and rumination behavior was recorded using electronic data loggers and HR-Tags from. Lying time was assessed to determine the diurnal total hours spent lying per day. Rumination time was averaged in 2 hours interval periods over 24 hours during the experimental period. Different periparturient stocking density is indicated by circles (80%), squares (100%), and triangles (120%). Asterisks denote groups containing differences, ** Means a significant effect (p<0.05), * means a tendency of effect (p<0.10).
표 Table 2. Effect of different stocking densities on lying and ruminating time of studied cows during 21 days before calving
표 Table 3. Effect of different stocking densities on milk production and composition
표 Table 4. Effect of different stocking densities on average calving date and colostrum quality and volume
표 Table 5. Effect of different stocking densities on blood parameters of transition cows
그림 Figure 2. Effect of different stocking densities on blood parameters of transition cows. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein on d -7, 0, 1 and 7 relative to the expected calving date for all cows. All blood samples were collected into vacuum blood collection tubes. Different periparturient stocking density is indicated by circles (80%), squares (100%), and triangles (120%). TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol, TP, total protein; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ca, calcium; COR, cortisol.
표 Table 6. Effect of different stocking densities on blood parameters of newborn calves
그림 Figure 3. Effect of different stocking densities on blood parameters of newborn calves. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 0, 1, and 7 of age for the calves. All blood samples were collected into vacuum blood collection tubes containing no anticoagulant. Different periparturient stocking density is indicated by circles (80%), squares (100%), and triangles (120%). COR, cortisol; TP, total protein.
그림 Figure 4. Effect of different stocking densities on total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and pH of transition cows. Rumen fluid was collected using an oral stomach tubing 4 h after cows had had their morning feed on d -15, -7, and 7 relative to parturition. Different periparturient stocking density is indicated by circles (80%), squares (100%), and triangles (120%).
표 Table 7. Effect of different stocking densities on ruminal fermentation parameters in cows before and after calving
표 Table 8. Effect of different stocking densities on birth body weight and structural measurement

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제안 방법

, Cary, NC, USA). Continuous variables with repeated measurements including lying and ruminating behavior, the plasma and ruminal fermentation parameters were analyzed with the ﬁxed effects of treatment, day of measurement, interaction between treatment and day of measurement, and the random effect of cow or calf nested within treatment. Variables with a single measurement during the study, such as milk production and composition, average cal.
Continuous variables with repeated measurements including lying and ruminating behavior, the plasma and ruminal fermentation parameters were analyzed with the ﬁxed effects of treatment, day of measurement, interaction between treatment and day of measurement, and the random effect of cow or calf nested within treatment. Variables with a single measurement during the study, such as milk production and composition, average cal.,ing date and colostrum quality were analyzed with the ﬁxed effects of treatment of cow and the random effect of cow nested within treatment. It should be noted that feed intake data is excluded due to the technical issues experienced with the feeder.

대상 데이터

8 m width) at 4 weeks (d 28±3) before parturition. All the selected cows were entering the 2nd to the 4th lactation based on their proximity to their cal.,ing dates from a dry off group of 300 cows at Zhongdi Farm in Beijing, a commercial farm with 4, 500 heads of dairy cattle. Each pen was assigned to one of the three treatments and balanced for parity (2.
The experiment was conducted between December 2017 and January 2018. In total, 48 multiparous prepartum Holstein cows (dried off d 60 before expected cal.,ing date) were selected and randomly assigned into three pens (20 m long and 12.8 m width) at 4 weeks (d 28±3) before parturition. All the selected cows were entering the 2nd to the 4th lactation based on their proximity to their cal.
China). The experiment was conducted between December 2017 and January 2018. In total, 48 multiparous prepartum Holstein cows (dried off d 60 before expected cal.

데이터처리

Statistical analysis were carried out using MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). SEM, standard error of mean; Trt, treatment; T×T, treatment by time interaction.

이론/모형

purposes. All statistical analyses were performed using MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Continuous variables with repeated measurements including lying and ruminating behavior, the plasma and ruminal fermentation parameters were analyzed with the ﬁxed effects of treatment, day of measurement, interaction between treatment and day of measurement, and the random effect of cow or calf nested within treatment.

성능/효과

For example, a study on prepartum Holstein cows with two treatments of 80% cows to stalls and 90 cm of feeding space per cow (understocked) and 120% stocking density and 45 cm of feeding space per cow (overstocked), found no difference in the milk yield and composition for the first 5 weeks postpartum [11]. In our study, we found that milk yield, 3.5% FCM and ECM was greater for cows in 80% stocking density in the first month than that in 100% and 120% stocking den- sity. The different stocking density during the prepartum period had no effect on the yield and quality of milk from the second month of lactation.
This study demonstrated that prepartum stocking density affected the lying and ruminating time from d - 21 to d -7 relative to parturition. Cows in the 80% stocking density group were associated with greater lying and ruminating times compared to the other groups.

후속연구

However, our findings demonstrated that rumination was not influenced by the stocking density. More research with larger sample sizes will help clarify the relationship between stocking density, lying time and rumination.

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