[논문]수산부산물의 발생·이용 실태 평가 및 해양바이오 산업화 방안

안소언; 이원규; 장덕희; 강도형

doi:10.4217/opr.2021.43.3.149

수산부산물의 발생·이용 실태 평가 및 해양바이오 산업화 방안
Current Status and Evaluation of Fisheries By-products: Major Options to Marine Bioindustrial Application 원문보기

Ocean and polar research, v.43 no.3, 2021년, pp.149 - 164

안소언 (한국해양과학기술원 제주특성연구센터) , 이원규 (한국해양과학기술원 제주특성연구센터) , 장덕희 (한국해양과학기술원 연구전략실) , 강도형 (한국해양과학기술원 제주특성연구센터)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Since the existing mass production and consumption systems are no longer sustainable, countries are pushing for policies to make fisheries by-products as resources in an eco-friendly manner, and international standards are also being strengthened to increase the value of by-products. In Korea, economic and environmental perceptions of the by-products are rapidly changing, such as realizing carbon neutrality and enhancing circular resources by Korean Sustainable Development Goals. Raw materials derived from the by-products have been steadily imported from 2018. In particular, the number of imports of fish collagen peptides was only 16 number of times in 2017, but was rapidly increased to 483 number of times in 2020. Simultaneously, the demand for raw materials and nutrients for health functional food derived from fish by-products, which did not exist statistically until 2017, started to arise from 2018, and in 2019, consumption of high-value-added raw materials for fish by-products increased by 45% compared to the previous year. However, limitations are in legal and biotechnical industry aspects while its value as a biomaterial is recognized in the by-products-related industry. In this study, therefore, the status of by-products for upcycling biomaterials was reported and provided a scientific basis for supporting governmental strategies. In order to fulfill with the principles of a sustainable circular economy, the factors on hinder the marine bio-industrialization of the by-products were derived and suggested directions and plans for development into a high-value added the by-products as the marine bio-industry by substituting imported raw materials to support the development.

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표/그림 (10)

표 Table 1. Literatures-based status of amounts and categories of by-products generated from fishery, aquaculture, and processing industries in Republic of Korea
그림 Fig. 1. Summarized current categories on each characterized treatment of fisheries by-products in accordance with the Waste Management Act in the Republic of Korea
그림 Fig. 2. Current status of recycling or discarding of fishery by-products in accordance with the Waste Management Act in Republic of Korea. According to the data of waste recycling and disposal companies of the homepage of Recycling Resources Information Center (http://www.re.or.kr), a total of 279 waste companies that process and dispose of fishery processing residuals (243) and waste shells (36) were identified. In the case of fishery processing by-products, they were mainly recycled as compost or fertilizer, followed by many companies that turned them into feed, and they were mostly disposed of through incineration. Most of the waste shells were recycled for agricultural activities, and most companies disposed of shells in landfills. However, caution is required in data interpretation as this data does not include disposal methods discharged into the ocean according to the Marine Waste and Marine Contaminant Sediments Act
표 Table 2. Raw material consumption and uses of domestic and imported fish by-products from in Republic of Korea (modified from the Food industry raw material consumption survey by Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corporation)
표 Table 3. Bioactive materials from fisheries by-products and their potential application
그림 Fig. 3. Schematic diagram and procedures for supplying biomaterials for fishery by-products. In order to utilize domestic fishery by-products and use them as raw materials for biomaterials, the method of securing raw materials differs depending on whether the waste treatment business is licensed. First, it is a marine by-product waste recycling company that utilizes aquatic by-products that are discarded as waste with permission from the waste recycling business (grey line). Second, it is a company that purchases and uses raw materials without registering as the waste treatment company (green line). Finally, there is a way to import fishery by-products (red line). Most companies import raw materials directly or use import wholesalers. The blue line indicates the route through which biomaterials produced by waste recycling companies or biomaterial manufacturers and imported biomaterials are supplied to bio-product manufacturer
그림 Fig. 4. Statistics for imported raw materials derived from fishery by-products during the period from 2016 to 2020 adopted from the Imported Food Information Maru homepage (https://impfood.mfds.go.kr/). Raw materials derived from fishery by-products such as fish scale, fish bone calcium powder, fish oil, shell powder have been steadily imported, and the number of imported products has also diversified after 2018. In particular, in the case of fish collagen peptides, the number of imports, which was only 16 cases in 2017, increased sharply to about 483 cases in 2020
그림 Fig. 5. Major countries and number of imports for fishery by-products by food grade adopted from the Imported Food Information Maru homepage (https://impfood.mfds.go.kr/). Most imported foods were manufactured from a single fish species and a single part, and some foods were imported from specific countries. Salmon milt extract was only imported from Japan, and green lipped mussel powder and oil were specifically imported from New Zealand. In the case of fish collagen, which was imported the most, it was imported from a number of countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, Italy, China, France, India and Canada
표 Table 4. Annual volume, weight, and cost of imported by-products from 2018 to 2019 classified by food and nonfood grades (modified from the Agro-Fisheries export information by Korea Agro-Fisheries & Food Trade Corporation)
표 Table 5. Evaluation on the by-products originated from different collecting grounds for securing raw materials and bioindustry application (1: Most feasible, 2: feasible, 3: Not feasible)

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