[논문]토양 종류별 보릿짚 및 가축분 바이오차 투입이 토양 탄소 무기화에 미치는 영향

박도균; 이종문; 최은정; 권효숙; 이형석; 박혜란; 오택근; 이선일

doi:10.17137/korrae.2022.30.4.67

토양 종류별 보릿짚 및 가축분 바이오차 투입이 토양 탄소 무기화에 미치는 영향
Carbon Mineralization in different Soils Cooperated with Barley Straw and Livestock Manure Compost Biochars 원문보기

유기물자원화 = Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association, v.30 no.4, 2022년, pp.67 - 83

박도균 (국립농업과학원 기후변화평가과) , 이종문 (국립농업과학원 기후변화평가과) , 최은정 (국립농업과학원 기후변화평가과) , 권효숙 (국립농업과학원 기후변화평가과) , 이형석 (국립농업과학원 기후변화평가과) , 박혜란 (국립농업과학원 기후변화평가과) , 오택근 (충남대학교 생물환경화학과) , 이선일 (국립농업과학원 기후변화평가과)

초록
AI-Helper

바이오차는 바이오매스를 산소가 제한된 환경에서 고온(300~700℃)으로 열분해하여 얻어지는 탄소 함량이 높은 생성물이다. 최근 바이오차는 농업 부산물을 최소화하고 순환 경제의 효율성을 높이는 효과적인 도구로 농업 및 환경 분야에서 다양한 용도로 널리 사용되고 있다. 바이오차를 만드는 재료로 왕겨, 가축분, 보릿짚 등 여러종류의 유기성 부산물이 사용되고 있으며, 약 10% 바이오차 적용(wt/wt)은 작물의 수확량, 토양 탄소 격리량을 높여준다는 연구 결과가 있다. 우리나라 농경지의 경우 논에서 밭으로 토지 이용이 전환되거나 간척으로 인한 갯벌이 논으로 개간되고, 산림에서 밭이나 시설재배지로 개간되는 경우가 발생한다. 그러므로 농경지 전환으로 인한 농경지별 바이오차 적용 효과가 상이할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 국내에서 농경지 유형별 바이오차 종류와 투입 수준에 따른 토양 탄소저장 연구는 여전히 미흡한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 농경지 토양별 바이오차 종류와 투입 수준에 따른 토양 탄소저장과 무기화되어 배출되는 이산화탄소(CO₂) 배출량을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 본 연구에 사용한 재료는 보릿짚, 가축분을 수거, 건조 등 전처리 과정을 거친 후 충남 예산에 있는 바이오차 제조공장 탄화로를 이용하여 TLUD (Top Lit Up Draft) 상향 통풍형 열분해 방식으로 약 500℃에서 제조하였다. Kinetic 모델 적용 결과 토양에 투입된 탄소 무기화는 바이오차를 투입하지 않으면 토양 종류별 8.2~16.5% 비율로 탄소원이 무기화 되어 이산화탄소로 배출되었다. 노지 밭 토양에서 15.5~16.5%로 가장 높았고, 간척지 토양에서 8.2~8.7%로 가장 낮았다. 이는 토양 내 탄소 함량이 높은 토양에서 유기물의 분해가 상대적으로 높아 배출되는 이산화탄소(CO₂)는 탄소 함량에 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 판단된다. 바이오차를 투입한 토양에서 탄소 함량이 증가함에도 상대적으로 무기화되는 비율은 낮아졌다. 국제 바이오차협 회에서는 H:C 비율이 0.7 이하면 100년 이상 토양 내 탄소 격리효과가 있는 것으로 인정되고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 바이오차의 원료물질이 상이한 보릿짚, 가축분 바이오차 간 탄소 무기화에 미치는 영향이 상이할 것으로 판단했지만, 각각의 바이오차 H:C 비율이 0.30~0.39로 0.7 이하임으로 토양에 혼합하였을 때 탄소 무기화의 비율이 낮고 탄소 격리의 효과가 나타났다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Biochar is a carbon material produced through the pyrolysis of agricultural biomass with limited oxygen condition. It has been suggested to enhance the carbon sequestration and mineralization of soil carbon. Objective of this study was to investigate soil potential carbon mineralization and carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions in different soils cooperated with barely straw and livestock manure biochars in the closed chamber. The incubation was conducted during 49 days using a closed chamber. The treatments consisted of 2 different biochars that were originated from barley straw and livestock manure, and application amounts were 0, 5, 10 and 20 ton ha-1 with different soils as upland, protected cultivation, converted and reclaimed. The results indicated that the TC increased significantly in all soils after biochar application. Mineralization of soil carbon was well fitted for Kinetic first-order exponential rate model equation (P<0.001). Potential mineralization rate ranged from 8.7 to 15.5% and 8.2 to 16.5% in the barely straw biochar and livestock manure biochar treatments, respectively. The highest CO2 emission was 81.94 mg kg-1 in the upland soil, and it was more emitted CO2 for barely straw biochar application than its livestock biochar regardless of their application rates. Soil amendment of biochar is suitable for barely straw biochar regardless of application rates for mitigation of CO2 emission in the cropland.

주제어

표/그림 (10)

표 Table 1. Chemical Properties in Different Soil Types
표 Table 2. Physicochemical Properties of Different Biochar
표 Table 3. Changes of TC and TN Contents, and C/N Ratio in the Different Soil Types with Application of Barley Straw Biochar under Closed Chamber Condition
표 Table 4. Changes of TC and TN Contents, and C/N Ratio in the Different Soil Types with Application of Livestock Manure Biochar under Closed Vhamber Condition
그림 Fig. 1. Effect of CO₂ emissions to different soils cooperated with barley straw biochar under closed chamber condition during the 49 days of incubation periods. Values are the means of triplicate and vertical bars are standard errors of the means (n=3). Error bars are often too small to be depicted. Detailed treatments are provided in Table 3.
그림 Fig. 2. Effect of CO₂ emissions to different soils cooperated with livestock manure biochar under closed chamber condition during the 49 days of incubation periods. Values are the means of triplicate and vertical bars are standard errors of the means (n=3). Error bars are often too small to be depicted. Detailed treatments are provided in Table 3.
표 Table 5. Effect of CO₂ Emissions to Application of Different Biochars with Soil Types during 46 Days fo Incubation Periods
표 Table 6. Parameter Values (Mineralizable C Pool, Mineralization Rate Constant of C) of the Single Exponential First-order Kinetics Model of Input C (Compost + Barley Straw Biochar) Mineralization and Estimated C Retainable in Four Soils
표 Table 6. Continued
표 Table 7. Parameter Values (Mineralizable C Pool, Mineralization Rate Constant of C) of the Single Exponential First-order Kinetics Model of Input C (Compost + Livestock Manure Biochar) Mineralization and Estimated C Retainable in Four Soils

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저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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