[논문]석재폐기물 현황 및 활용 연구

채광석; 이영근; 구남인; 양희문

doi:10.22807/kjmp.2022.35.3.333

[국내논문] 석재폐기물 현황 및 활용 연구
A Study on the Trend and Utilization of Stone Waste 원문보기

광물과 암석 = Korean journal of mineralogy and petrology, v.35 no.3, 2022년, pp.333 - 344

채광석 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과) , 이영근 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과) , 구남인 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과) , 양희문 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과)

초록
AI-Helper

화강암 및 대리석 같은 천연 건축용 석재의 채석 및 활용이 개발도상국에서 급부상하고 있다. 이러한 석재를 사용하기 위해 가공, 절단 및 치수화 과정에서 많은 양의 폐기물이 발생한다. 석재폐기물은 개방된 환경에서 처리되며, 부산물로 발생하는 폐기물의 독성이 환경과 인간의 건강에 악영향을 줄 수 있다. 2019년 세계 석재 산업 성장은 채석장 폐기물을 제외하고 1% 이상 증가한 약 155,000천톤의 새로운 기록을 달성하였다. 인구 천명당 석재 사용량(m²/1,000 inh)은 2001년 177, 2018년 266에서 2019년 268로 증가했다. 2019년 세계 총채석량은 316,000천톤(100%)이고, 생산량의 53%는 채석장 폐기물로 발생되었다. 석재가공 단계에서는 완제품 생산량이 91,150천톤(29%)에 도달했으며 결과적으로 63,350천톤이 석재폐기물이 생산되었다. 그러므로 세계적으로 채석장에서 생산된 석재가 100%이라면 전체 폐기물 발생량은 71%이다. 석재폐기물은 환경적, 경제적 및 사회적 관점에서 상당한 문제를 발생시킨다. 석재폐기물 처리는 기본적으로 3가지 방법이 있는데 재사용, 재활용 및 매립처리가 있다. 그 중에 재사용 및 재활용은 환경 친화적으로 할 수 있는 양호한 석재폐기물 관리 방법이다. 석재폐기물은 많은 사용 방법이 있지만 건축 자재, 세라믹 재료 및 환경 적용으로 요약된다. 석재폐기물을 이용한 재료 생산은 매우 유망하며 채석장과 산업 현장에서 재생되어 사용할 수 있다. 새로운 생산품(인공토양)은 토목 공사, 철도 제방 및 원형교차로 주변 표토로 사용하며, 석분토는 산성토양의 중화를 위해 사용도 가능하다. 또한 석재폐기물은 광물 잔유물 회수, 광물 성분 추출, 건설 자재, 전력 생산, 빌딩 재료와 가스 및 수질 처리에 이용할 수 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The quarrying and utilization of natural building stones such as granite and marble are rapidly emerging in developing countries. A huge amount of wastes is being generated during the processing, cutting and sizing of these stones to make them useable. These wastes are disposed of in the open environment and the toxic nature of these wastes negatively affects the environment and human health. The growth trend in the world stone industry was confirmed in output for 2019, increasing more than one percent and reaching a new peak of some 155 million tons, excluding quarry discards. Per-capita stone use rose to 268 square meters per thousand persons (m2/1,000 inh), from 266 the previous year and 177 in 2001. However, we have to take into consideration that the world's gross quarrying production was about 316 million tons (100%) in 2019; about 53% of that amount, however, is regarded as quarrying waste. With regards to the stone processing stage, we have noticed that the world production has reached 91.15 million tons (29%), and consequently this means that 63.35 million tons of stone-processing scraps is produced. Therefore, we can say that, on a global level, if the quantity of material extracted in the quarry is 100%, the total percentage of waste is about 71%. This raises a substantial problem from the environmental, economical and social point of view. There are essentially three ways of dealing with inorganic waste, namely, reuse, recycling, or disposal in landfills. Reuse and recycling are the preferred waste management methods that consider environmental sustainability and the opportunity to generate important economic returns. Although there are many possible applications for stone waste, they can be summarized into three main general applications, namely, fillers for binders, ceramic formulations, and environmental applications. The use of residual sludge for substrate production seems to be highly promising: the substrate can be used for quarry rehabilitation and in the rehabilitation of industrial sites. This new product (artificial soil) could be included in the list of the materials to use in addition to topsoil for civil works, railway embankments roundabouts and stone sludge wastes could be used for the neutralization of acidic soil to increase the yield. Stone waste is also possible to find several examples of studies for the recovery of mineral residues, including the extraction of metallic elements, and mineral components, the production of construction raw materials, power generation, building materials, and gas and water treatment.

주제어

표/그림 (21)

그림 Fig. 1. Stone cutting and cleaning process (NIFOS, 2022).
그림 Fig. 2. Overview of different marble types in the natural stone waste collection (a) block cutter of more than 1m in size (b) waste of mainly less than 30 cm (c) sludge waste (Yurdakul, 2020).
그림 Fig. 3. Proportion of different types of stone waste (Rana et al, 2016).
표 Table 1. Stone production and waste generated worldwide (Montani, 2021) (1,000tons)
그림 Fig. 4. Status of processed production and waste production (Table 26).
표 Table 2. Physical and chemical properties of stone sludge (Jin and Min, 1999)
표 Table 3. Content of total elements, molar rations of the oxides, and abrasion pH of the parent rocks (Um et al., 1991)
표 Table 4. Chemical analysis and physical of OPC, MS, CSW and SSW (Rashwan et al., 2022)
그림 Fig. 5. Waste classification and recycling status of industrial waste (Oh and Kim, 2013).
표 Table 5. Characteristic of waste stone generated from stone block manufacturing process (Yoon et al., 2017)
그림 Fig. 6. Estimated amount of stone sludge by region in 2020 (Park, 2020).
표 Table 6. Waste stone and waste sludge in domestic three major production region in 2011(Oh and Kim, 2013)
그림 Fig. 7. Crushed sand and stone sludge generated in South Korea from 1994 to 2018 (Park, 2020).
표 Table 7. Main potential applications of stone waste(Simao et al., 2021)
그림 Fig. 8. Application of agricultural lime and marble wastes to the hazelnut trees (Tozsin et al., 2014).
표 Table 8. Market prices of raw materials in South Korea in 2015 (Park et al., 2016)
표 Table 9. Abrasion pH of the parent rocks (Um et al., 1991)
표 Table 10. Soil change after stone waste treatment (Tozsin et al., 2014)
그림 Fig. 9. Temporal variations of pH and electrical conductivity in the amended soil plot (Fernandez and Barba, 2010).
그림 Fig. 10. Remediation mechanisms of amendments on Heavymetal-contaminated paddy soil (Chen et al., 2023).
표 Table 11. pH, CEC, EC and contents of available nutrients and extractable metals from the initial soil, HM-spiked soil, and HM-spiked soil incorporated with 0.5% and 3% of amendments (Chen et al., 2023)

참고문헌 (20)

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Chen, T., Duan. L., Cheng S., Jiang, S. and Yan, B., 2023, The preparation of paddy soil amendment using granite and marble waste : Performance and mechanisms, journal of environmental sciences, 127, 564-576.

상세보기
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상세보기
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상세보기
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상세보기
Tozsin, G., Oztas. T., Arol, A.I., Kalkan, E. and Duyar, O., 2014, The effects of marble wastes on soil properties and hazelnet yield, journal of cleaner production, 81, 146-149.
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