[논문]CCS와 연계한 석유회수증진 기술 동향 및 현장사례 분석

박혜리; 장호창

doi:10.7842/kigas.2023.27.3.59

CCS와 연계한 석유회수증진 기술 동향 및 현장사례 분석
A Review of Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology with CCS and Field Cases 원문보기

한국가스학회지 = Journal of the Korean institute of gas, v.27 no.3, 2023년, pp.59 - 71

박혜리 (강원대학교 에너지자원융합공학과) , 장호창 (강원대학교 에너지자원화학공학과)

초록
AI-Helper

온실가스 감축과 탄소 중립의 실현을 위해서 탄소의 포집, 저장(carbon capture, and storage, CCS) 기술은 매우 중요하다. CCS는 CO₂ 저장을 중점적으로 함으로써, 포획된 CO₂를 지하 저류층 내부에 영구적으로 보관하는 역할을 한다. CO₂--EOR(enhanced oil recovery)은 CCS의 한 형태로, 오일 회수 촉진을 위해 CO₂를 지하 내부로 주입시켜 잔류 오일 회수에 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라 CO₂가 지하에 저장되어 탄소 중립에도 기여하는 기술이다. 이 CO₂-EOR은 혼화공법과 비혼화공법으로 분류하며 혼화공법의 대표적인 방식인 CO₂-WAG(water alternating gas)는 물과 CO₂를 저류층 내부에 교대로 주입하여 오일을 생산하고 CO₂를 저장하는 공법이다. WAG 방식은 주입 유체의 돌파를 조절할 수 있어 오일 회수에 유리한 특징을 보이며, 흡입과 배출 과정 중에 상대투과도의 이력현상을 유도해 CO₂의 잔류 격리량을 확대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 CO₂-EOR 과정에서의 석유회수증진 효과와 CO₂가 지중에 저장되는 메커니즘을 설명하였으며, CCS와 연계한 CO₂-EOR 적용 사례를 소개하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Carbon capture, and storage (CCS) is important for the reduction of greenhouse gases and achieving carbon neutrality. CCS focuses on storing captured CO2 permanently in underground reservoirs. CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is one form of CCS, where CO2 is injected into the underground to enhance oil recovery. CO2-EOR not only aids in the extraction of residual oil but also contributes to carbon neutrality by storing CO2 underground continuously. CO2-EOR can be classified into miscible and immiscible methods, with the CO2-water alternating gas (CO2-WAG) technique being a representative approach within the miscible method. In CO2-WAG, water and CO2 are alternately injected into the reservoir, enabling oil production and CO2 storage. The WAG method allows for controlling the breakthrough of injection fluids, providing advantages in oil recovery. It also induces hysteresis in relative permeability during the injection and production process, expanding the amount of trapped CO2. In this study, the effects of enhancing oil recovery and storing CO2 underground during CO2-EOR were presented. Additionally, cases of CO2-EOR application in relation to CCS were introduced.

주제어

표/그림 (21)

그림 Fig. 1. Definitions of oil recovery method.
그림 Fig. 2. Tertialry recovery(CO₂ injection and polymer injection)[9].
그림 Fig. 3. EOR types applied in the USA[14].
그림 Fig. 4. CO₂ retention rate in miscible flooding versus immiscible flooding[2].
표 Table 1. CO₂-EOR oil recovery and CO₂ storage potential of world oil fields[14]
그림 Fig. 5. Diagram of cyclic CO₂ EOR methods[5].
그림 Fig. 6. Oil displacement in a reservoir by CO₂ WAG injection[7].
그림 Fig. 7. Comparison of CO₂ flow behavior in continuous CO₂ injection and in CO₂-WAG injection[17].
$Fig. 8. Stages of CO<sub>2</sub> huff-n-puff in fractured oil reservoirs[18].$ 그림 Fig. 8. Stages of CO₂ huff-n-puff in fractured oil reservoirs[18].
그림 Fig. 9. Oil recovery factor of various EOR methods[19].
그림 Fig. 10. Changes in CO₂ storage efficiency according to the injection concentration of nanofluids.
그림 Fig. 11. Comparison of oil recovery factor and CO₂ storage efficiency by NWAG.
그림 Fig. 12. Map of Prudhoe Bay oil field[31].
표 Table 2. Operational procedures based on the presence of CO₂ injection[14]
그림 Fig. 13. Map of Weyburn oil field[34].
그림 Fig. 14. Location of the Silurian Reef Trend of the Northern Michigan Basin[39].
그림 Fig. 15. Oil recovery from Wyoming's CO₂ - EOR projects[40].
그림 Fig. 16. Wyoming basin map with existing CO₂ pipelines and CO₂ flooding fields[41].
그림 Fig. 17. Production from Jilin oil field(PetroChina) [47].
그림 Fig. 18. Pilot well groups for CO₂ injection in the H-59 block (six cross-well seismic lines in green)[46].
그림 Fig. 19. CO₂ oil recovery curves of Hei-79 with small well spacing[48].

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