[논문]대기온도와 CO2 농도 증가에 따른 우점잡초 깨풀의 제초제 약효 및 콩 약해 변화

이효진; 박현화; 김예건; 이도진; 국용인

doi:10.7740/kjcs.2023.68.3.121

대기온도와 CO2 농도 증가에 따른 우점잡초 깨풀의 제초제 약효 및 콩 약해 변화
Effects of Increasing Air Temperatures and CO2 Concentrations on Herbicide Efficacy of Acalypha australis and Phytotoxicity of Soybean Crops 원문보기

Korean journal of crop science = 韓國作物學會誌, v.68 no.3, 2023년, pp.121 - 133

이효진 (순천대학교) , 박현화 (순천대학교) , 김예건 (순천대학교) , 이도진 (순천대학교 농업교육과) , 국용인 (순천대학교 바이오한약자원학과)

초록
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본 연구의 목적은 기후변화에 따른 이산화탄소와 온도의 변화에 따른 콩밭 우점잡초 깨풀의 생장과 주요 4종의 경엽처리 제초제와 4종의 토양처리 제초제에 대한 약효와 콩의 약해를 평가하여 잡초 관리 방안을 마련하는 데 있다. 생장상과 온실상 조건하에서 온도가 증가할수록 깨풀의 초장 및 생체중은 증가하였다. 이산화탄소 농도에 따른 Fv/Fm, ETR, 초장, 엽면적 및 지상부 생체중은 400 ppm보다 800 ppm에서 더 높았다. 깨풀에 대한 경엽처리제 glufosinate 약효의 경우 생장상 조건의 20℃ 및 25℃보다 30℃에서 온실 상조건의 21℃ 및 25℃보다 29℃에서 감소하였다. 반대로 mecoprop의 경우 생장상 조건의 30℃에 비해 20℃에서 온실상 조건의 29℃에 비해 21℃에서 약효가 감소하였다. 경엽처리제 glyphosate의 경우 온실상 조건하에서는 25℃와 29℃에 비해 21℃에서 약효가 감소하였다. Bentazone을 생장상 조건하에서 1/2량 처리하였을 때 25℃와 30℃에 비해 20℃에서 약효가 감소하였다. 그러나 온실상 조건하에서는 21℃와 25℃에 비해 29℃에서 약효가 감소하였다. 깨풀에 대한 토양처리제 경우 생장상과 온실상 조건하에서 metolachlor와 ethalfluraline의 약효는 온도가 상대적으로 높은 조건하에서 약효가 높았다. 그러나 linuron의 경우는 생장상과 온실상의 온도에 상관없이 약효차이가 없었다. Alachlor의 경우 온실상 조건하에서 19℃와 23℃에 비해 27℃에서 약효가 감소하였다. 경엽처리 제초제 4종을 표준량으로 깨풀에 처리하였을 때 이산화탄소농도에 따른 차이는 없었다. 그러나 깨풀에 glyphosate 1/4량 처리하였을 때 이산화탄소 농도가 400 ppm보다 800 ppm일 때 약효는 감소하였다. 반대로 bentazone를 1/4량 처리하였을 때 이산화탄소 농도가 400 ppm보다 800 ppm일 때 약효는 증가하였다. Glufosinate은 처리약량에 상관없이 이산화탄소 농도에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 토양처리 제초제 ethalfluralin을 1/4량 처리하였을 때는 이산화탄소의 농도가 800 ppm일 때 약효가 더 높았다. 그 외의 제초제의 경우 이산화탄소 농도와 상관없이 깨풀의 약효에는 차이가 없었다. 콩에 토양처리 제초제를 표준량과 표준량의 2배량을 처리하였을 때 온도와 이산화탄소 농도에 따른 약해는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 따라서 온도와 이산화탄소 농도 증가에 기인하여 일부 제초제에 대한 잡초 약효 차이가 있어 기후변화에 의한 새로운 잡초 관리 방법을 개발해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The purpose of this study was to improve weed management systems under varying carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures by evaluating the growth of Acalypha australis and observing the efficacy of four foliar and four soil herbicides, as well as measuring phytotoxicity in soybean crops treated with these herbicides. In both growth chamber and greenhouse conditions, plant height and shoot fresh weight of Acalypha australis increased as temperature increased. The variable to maximum fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm), relative electron transport rate (ETR), plant height, leaf area, and shoot fresh weight of Acalypha australis were higher at carbon dioxide concentrations of 800 ppm than at 400 ppm. The efficacy of a foliar herbicide, glufosinate, on Acalypha australis was lower at 30℃ than at 20℃ and 25℃ in the growth chamber condition and was also lower at 29℃ than at 21℃ and 25℃ in greenhouse conditions. In contrast, mecoprop efficacy on Acalypha australis was lower at 20℃ and 25℃ than at 30℃ in growth chamber conditions and lower at 21℃ and 25℃ than at 29℃ in greenhouse conditions. Glyphosate efficacy was lower at 21℃ than at 25℃ and 29℃ under greenhouse conditions. With soil herbicides, metolachlor and ethalfluraline, efficacies were higher at relatively high temperatures under both growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. However, in the case of linuron, the difference in efficacy was not observed under varying temperatures in both growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. When ¼ of the recommended glyphosate rates were applied to Acalypha australis, efficacy was lower under 800 ppm carbon dioxide concentrations than under 400 ppm. In contrast, when ¼ of the recommended rate of bentazone was applied to Acalypha australis, efficacy was higher under 800 ppm carbon dioxide concentrations than under 400 ppm. Despite application rates, glufosinate efficacy differed insignificantly under different carbon dioxide concentrations. When applied at ¼ of the recommended rate, the efficacy of ethalfuralin was higher under 800 ppm carbon dioxide concentrations than under 400 ppm. However, efficacies of other herbicides were not different despite varying carbon dioxide concentrations. Soybean phytotoxicity in crops treated with the recommended rate and twice the recommended rate of soil herbicides was not significantly different regardless of temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations. Overall, weed efficacy of some herbicides decreased in response to different temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations. Therefore, new weed management methods are required to ensure high rates of weed control in conditions affected by climate change.

주제어

표/그림 (13)

그림 Fig. 1. Daily average temperature (°C) after foliar (A) and soil (B) herbicides treatments in greenhouse during experimental period.
표 Table 1. Details of herbicides used in this study.
그림 Fig. 2. Acalypha australis growth at different temperatures in the growth chamber (A) and greenhouse (B). Means within bars followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Ducan's Multiple Range Test.
그림 Fig. 3. Acalypha australis growth under 400 and 800 ppm CO₂ in growth chamber (17 days after seeding). * significantly different between growth under 400 and 800 ppm CO₂ plot using a t-test (P = 0.05).
그림 Fig. 4. Fv/Fm and light-response curve of ETR in the darkadapted leaf samples of Acalypha australis at 50 days after CO₂ treatments. Fv/Fm, variable to maximum fluorescence ratio; ETR, relative electron transport rate.
그림 Fig. 5. Acalypha australis control value (%) in response to various foliar herbicides (A, Glyphosate-isopropylamine; B, Glufosinateammonium; C, Bentazone; D, Mecoprop) at different growth chamber temperatures (RR: recommended rate; 1/2 RR: 1/2 of the recommended rate). Means within bars followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Ducan's Multiple Range Test.
그림 Fig. 6. Acalypha australis control value (%) in response to various foliar herbicides (A, Glyphosate-isopropylamine; B, Glufosinateammonium; C, Bentazone; D, Mecoprop) at different greenhouse temperatures (RR: recommended rate; 1/2 RR: 1/2 of the recommended rate). Means within bars followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Ducan's Multiple Range Test.
그림 Fig. 7. Acalypha australis control value (%) in response to various soil herbicides (A, Alachlor; B, Metolachlor; C, Ethalfluralin; D, Linuron) at different growth chamber temperatures (RR: recommended rate; 1/2 RR: 1/2 of the recommended rate). Means within bars followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Ducan's Multiple Range Test.
그림 Fig. 8. Acalypha australis control value (%) in response to various soil herbicides (A, Alachlor; B, Metolachlor; C, Ethalfluralin; D, Linuron) at different greenhouse temperatures (RR: recommended rate; 1/2 HR: 1/2 of the recommended rate). Means within bars followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Ducan's Multiple Range Test.
그림 Fig. 9. Control value (%) of Acalypha australis in response to foliar herbicides (A, Glyphosate-isopropylamine; B, Glufosinateammonium; C, Bentazone; D, Mecoprop) under 400 and 800 ppm CO₂ in growth chambers (1/4 RR: 1/4 of the recommended rate; 1/2 RR: 1/2 of the recommended rate). Means within bars followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Ducan's Multiple Range Test.
그림 Fig. 10. Acalypha australis control value (%) in response to various soil herbicides (A, Alachlor; B, Metolachlor; C, Ethalfluralin; D, Linuron) under 400 and 800 ppm CO₂ in the growth chamber (1/4 RR: 1/4 of the recommended rate; 1/2 RR: 1/2 of the recommended rate). Means within bars followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Ducan's Multiple Range Test.
그림 Fig. 11. Soybean phytotoxicity (%) in response to various soil herbicides (A, Alachlor; B, Metolachlor; C, Ethalfluralin; D, Linuron) at different temperatures in the growth chamber (RR: recommended rate; 2 RR: 2 of the recommended rate). Means within bars followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Ducan's Multiple Range Test.
그림 Fig. 12. Soybean phytotoxicity (%) in response to various soil herbicides (A, Alachlor; B, Metolachlor; C, Ethalfluralin; D, Linuron) under 400 and 800 ppm CO₂ in the growth chamber (RR: recommended rate; 2 RR: 2 of the recommended rate). Means within bars followed by the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Ducan's Multiple Range Test.

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