[논문]리튬이차전지의 과충전에 의한 열폭주 현상의 이해

이민서; 유지선; 강경신; 이재승; 봉성율

doi:10.5229/jkes.2024.27.2.55

리튬이차전지의 과충전에 의한 열폭주 현상의 이해
Understanding Thermal Runaway Phenomena in Overcharged Lithium-Ion Batteries 원문보기

전기화학회지 = Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society, v.27 no.2, 2024년, pp.55 - 72

이민서 (공주대학교 화학교육과) , 유지선 (한국건설기술연구원(KICT) 화재안전연구소) , 강경신 (한남대학교 토목.건축공학부) , 이재승 (한남대학교 토목.건축공학부) , 봉성율 (공주대학교 화학교육과)

초록
AI-Helper

이차전지는 우리 생활에 있어 지구온난화에 따른 화석연료의 대체원으로서 전기차 및 에너지저장장치(Energy storage system, ESS) 등 필수불가결한 신재생에너지원으로 활용하고 있다. 그러나, 과방전, 고속충방전, 단락 등 여러 원인에 따른 이차전지 내 열폭주 현상으로 인해 배터리 화재 및 폭발에 대한 사건사례들이 보고되고 있으며, 각각의 원인에 적합한 해결책을 찾기 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 특히, 과충전 과정에서 원인으로 추정되는 사례들이 지속적으로 보고되고 있으므로, 본 총설에서는 과충전 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 이차전지의 화학적 반응들을 살펴보고, 이를 점검 및 예방하기 위한 위험조사방법에 대해서 이야기하고자 한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Secondary batteries are used as an essential renewable energy source in our lives, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESS), as an alternative to fossil fuels due to global warming. However, cases of battery fires and explosions have been reported due to thermal runaway in secondary batteries due to various causes such as overdischarge, high-speed charging and discharging, and external short circuit, and great efforts are being made to find solutions suitable for each cause. In particular, as cases presumed to be caused by the overcharging process have been reported, this review will examine the chemical reactions of secondary batteries that can occur during the overcharging process and discuss risk investigation methods to check and prevent them.

주제어

표/그림 (13)

표 Table 1. Tesla Fire cases since 2021
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그림 Fig. 1. A Schematic diagram of overcharge mechanisms (Redrawing).¹⁸⁾
그림 Fig. 2. (a) TOC, The curves of lithium-ion battery under 0.5C overcharge test: (b) Thermal behavior; (c) Internal resistance change and (d) SOC, voltage, temperature and cell structure corresponding to A-G area.¹⁷⁾
그림 Fig. 3. XRD analysis corresponding to the different SOC in the anode side.¹⁷⁾
표 Table 2. Gas evolution that occur inside the lithium-ion battery considered in this study²⁸⁾
표 Table 3. Summary of gases released during thermal runaway of NCM batteries at different SOC^29,44)
그림 Fig. 4. Four key paprameters of LIB during overcharge-to-TR process and the safety assessment score system (Redrawing and rearrangement).²³⁾

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