초록 ▼

Ⅱ. 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성
○ 건강식품에 대한 관심고조로 오리고기에 대한 소비 지속적 증가
- 1인당 소비량: 0.97kg(‘05) → 3.4kg(’12)(3.5배)
○ 국내 사육 대부분의 오리종자는 수입되고 있는 상황이며, 그 중 토종오리는 오리시장의 약 6.9%이나, 종자생산 기반은 미약함
- 고품질의 차별화된 국산종자 개발 지속적 요구(오리협회)
○ 종자가 개발되면 수입종자의 일부를 국산종자로 대체할 수 있고, 우리종자 보유에 따라 수입시 교섭력도 높일 수 있음.
- 국산종자 점유율 개선:

Ⅱ. 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성
○ 건강식품에 대한 관심고조로 오리고기에 대한 소비 지속적 증가
- 1인당 소비량: 0.97kg(‘05) → 3.4kg(’12)(3.5배)
○ 국내 사육 대부분의 오리종자는 수입되고 있는 상황이며, 그 중 토종오리는 오리시장의 약 6.9%이나, 종자생산 기반은 미약함
- 고품질의 차별화된 국산종자 개발 지속적 요구(오리협회)
○ 종자가 개발되면 수입종자의 일부를 국산종자로 대체할 수 있고, 우리종자 보유에 따라 수입시 교섭력도 높일 수 있음.
- 국산종자 점유율 개선: 7%(‘13) → 15(’18) → 20(‘20)
○ 토종오리 종자를 생산보급하기 위하여는 종오리 계통간 교배시험을 통하여 우수한 교배조합을 선발하는 연구가 선행되어야 한다
○ 국내 오리산업의 지속적인 성장 및 안정화를 위해서는 토종오리 확보, 토종오리 전용 사양관 리프로그램 개발 등 국내 오리산업의 생산 기반 강화 및 다양화 필요
○ 또한 토종 오리에 대한 적정 영양소 수준 및 영양/사료 프로그램을 개발 활용함으로써 토종오리 고유 유전능력 발휘할 수 있음

Abstract ▼

1세부과제 : 토종오리 유전특성 및 종자 개발
< Exp. 1> Performance of Growing Period of Large-Type Korean Native Ducks
This work was carried out to investigate the performance of growing period of large-type Korean native ducks. A total of four hundred twenty female and male duck chicks generated from A and B st

1세부과제 : 토종오리 유전특성 및 종자 개발
< Exp. 1> Performance of Growing Period of Large-Type Korean Native Ducks
This work was carried out to investigate the performance of growing period of large-type Korean native ducks. A total of four hundred twenty female and male duck chicks generated from A and B strains of ducks. Groups were four crossbreds (3 replications/crossbred, 35 birds/ replication) as 2×2 factors (2 strains, A and B; 2 genders, female and male). On the body weight, male of B strains was the highest among 4 treatments after the age of 4 week (P< 0.05). Body weight of B strain was higher than that of A strain at all period (P< 0.05). Body weight of male was higher compared to that of female after the age of 4 week (P< 0.05). On the body weight gain, male of B strain was the highest and female of A strain was the lowest among 4 treatments at 0～8, 0～12, 0～16 and 0～20 weeks (P< 0.05). Body weight gain of male was higher than that of female after the age of 4 week (P< 0.05). On the feed intake, male of B strain was the highest among 4 treatments from the age of 0 week and to the age of 4, 12, 16 and 20 week (P< 0.05). Feed intake of male was higher than that of female at 0～12, 0～16 and 0～20 weeks (P< 0.05). On the feed conversion ratio, male of B strain was the highest among other treatments 0～4 weeks and female of A strain was at 0～8 and 0～12 weeks (P< 0.05). Feed intake of female was higher compared to that of female at 0～8 weeks and male was high at 0～20 weeks. These results provided the basic data on the record of growing phase of large-type Korean native ducks.
< Exp. 2> Performance of Early Laying Period of Large-Type Korean Native Ducks
This work was carried out to investigate the performance of early laying period of large-type Korean native ducks. One hundred sixty eight ducks were used in this work and divided into A and B strains (6 replications/strains, 14 birds/replication). The days at first egg of A and B strains were the age of 154.5 and 154.7 days, egg weights were 69.1 g and 65.5 g, and body weights were 3,187 g and 3,105 g at the period of laying the first egg, respectively. The days at sexual maturity of A and B strains were the age of 175.8 and 171.5 days, egg weights were 75.2 g and 74.9 g, and body weights were 3,245 g and 3,225 g at the period of laying the first egg, respectively. There were no significant differences on the day of first egg, the day of sexual maturity, egg weight and body weight at first egg and the sexual maturity, average body weight, and daily feed intake between A and B strains (P> 0.05). The day of the sexual maturity of B strain was earlier than that of A strain (P< 0.05). However, weekly body weight was the highest at the age of 28 weeks (P< 0.05), and weekly feed intake increased after 26 weeks old (P< 0.05). Egg production (%) of B strain was higher than that of A strain at the age of 22～24 weeks (P< 0.05), but there was no significant difference on egg production(%) the other weeks. A number of egg laid of B strain was higher than A strain at 22～24 weeks old (P< 0.05). Feed conversion ratio of A and B strains were 10.7 and 6.53 at 24～24 weeks old, respectively, so feed conversion ratio of A strain was higher than that of B strain (P< 0.05). Weekly feed conversion ratio wes the highest at 20～22 weeks old, and significantly decreased until 24～24 weeks old, but were lowly maintained from the age of 24 weeks to the age of 30 weeks. These results provided the basic data on the record of early laying period of large-type Korean native ducks.
< Exp. 3> Performance of Middle Laying Period of Large-Type Korean Native Ducks
This work was carried out to investigate the performance of large-type Korean native ducks at middle laying phase (30 to 50 weeks). A total of one hundred and sixty eight laying ducks were divided into A and B strains (6 replications/strain, 14 birds/replication). There was no significant difference in body weight, daily feed intake and average egg weight. Weekly body weight decreased with increasing weeks and was lowest (2,649 g) at 42 weeks of age (P< 0.05). Similar trend was observed for weekly feed intake and average egg weight which decreased with the increase in laying phase and was lowest (190.5 g and 83.8 g, respectively) at the age of 42～46 weeks (P< 0.05). Daily egg production of B strain was higher than that of A strain at the age of 46～50 weeks (P< 0.05). Weekly egg production of A and B strains commenced to decrease from the age of 42 weeks, however, B strain recovered at 46～50 weeks of age (P< 0.05). At the age of 30-38 weeks, the egg production in B strain was higher than A strain (P< 0.05), whereas, there was no significant difference between both the strains during 38～50 week. Feed conversion ratio of A strain was higher than that of B strain at 46～50 weeks of age (P< 0.05). Weekly feed conversion was highest at the age of 42～46 weeks (P< 0.05). In conclusion, the present results provides the basic information of the record of middle laying period of large-type Korean native ducks.
< Exp. 4> Laying Performance of K orean Native Breeder Ducks for Producing Korean Native Commercial Ducks
This study was carried out to investigate the performance of laying period of A and B strains of Korean native ducks (KND). One hundred sixty eight ducks were used in this work and divided into A and B strains (6 replications/strain, 14 birds/replication). Ducks were fed with laying ducks’ feedstuff (CP 15%, ME 2,900 kcal/kg) for the age of 20～80 wk old. There was no significant difference on body weight, feed intake and egg weight between A and B strains. Weekly body weight of KNDs was the lowest at the age of 4 0～48 wk old, and that of those was high at the age of 24～32 wk and 64～80 wk old (P< 0.05). Weekly feed intake significantly decreased at the age of 36～48 wk and 68～72 wk old (P< 0.05), but there was no significant difference at the age of 52～56 wk old. Weekly egg weight was the lowest at the age of 32～40 wk old. Egg production ratio of B strain was higher compared to that of A strain at the age of 24～28 wk, 60～64 wk and 20～80 wk old. Weekly egg production ratio was the highest at the age of 28～32 wk old, and was high maintained until the age of 48 wk old. However, weekly egg production ratio decreased from the age of 52 wk old to the age of 68 wk old. Number of egg of B strain (267.5) was higher than that of A strain (235.6) at the age of 20～80 wk old. There was no significant difference on feed conversion ratio between A and B strain at the age of 2 8～36 wk old, but feed conversion ratio of A strain was higher than that of B strain at the other weeks (P< 0.05). These results provided the basic data on the record of laying period of Korean native ducks.
2세부과제 : 실용오리 생산을 위한 교배체계 확립
< Exp. 1> The Study on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield and Meat Quality of Meat-type Korean Native Ducks
This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance, carcass ratio and meat quality of Large-type Korean native ducks(LKND). Four hundred twenty Korean Native Ducks' chicks were selected and divided into four treatments(7 replications/treatment, 15 birds/replication) by strains(A and B) and gender(male and female) with 2×2 fractal factors. Body weights of 4 treatments were 278.4～358.7g, 1,145～1,268g, 2,009～2,126g and 2,505～2,927g, respectively, and body weight of female KND was high at the 2 week and that of male was high at the 8 week(P< 0.05). Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of male KND were higher than those of female KND(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference between A and B strains on the weekly body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of KNDs(P> 0.05). As carcass yields of A and B strains following weeks were 66.7, 68.9, 70.1, 66.1 68.2 and 70.3%, respectively, carcass yield was the lowest at the 6 week(P< 0.05). Breast meat ratio of duck was highest at the 8 week and Leg meat ratio was at the 6 week(P< 0.01). There was no significant difference on pH among strains and weeks(P> 0.05). Lightness(L*) and yellowness(b*) were highest at the 6 week(P< 0.05), but there was no significant difference among 6, 7, and 8 weeks. Moisture, ash and fat contents of duck meats were the highest at the 7 week(P< 0.05) and protein content was the highest at the 8 week(P< 0.01). Juiciness was the highest at the 6 week(P< 0.01) but there was no significant difference among strains and weeks on tenderness and flavor(P> 0.05). These results suggested(may provide) the basic data on growth performance and meat quality of Large-type Korean Native Ducks.
< Exp. 2> Study on Growth Performance of Korean Native Commercial Ducks with 2-Way Crossbreeding
This work was conducted to investigate the performance of Korean native commercial duck (KNCD). A total of one hundred twenty ducklings (1-d-old) of 2-way crossbreds of A and B lines from National Institute of Animal Science were used in this work and divided with 4 groups (3 replications/group, 15 birds/replication). Four groups were 4 crossbreds as AA (A line (♀ ) × A line (♂ )), AB (A line (♀ ) × B line (♂ )), BB (Pure Line B strains) and BA (B strains (♀ ) × A strain (♂ )). Ducks were fed with duck diets based on corn-soybean meal for 0～3wk (CP 22.0%, ME 2,900 kcal/㎏) and 3～8wk (CP 18.0%, ME 3,000 kcal/㎏). Rate of raising, uniformity, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were researched in this work. Average body weight of 4 crossbreds were 625.2, 1,617, 2,466 and 2,836 g at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks old, respectively, and significantly increased (P< 0.05). Body weights of BB groups were high compared to other crossbreds as 1,644, 2,573 and 2,949 g at 4, 6 and 8 weeks old (P< 0.05). Weekly body weight gains were 573.1, 991.5, 849.5 and 370.8 g at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks old, respectively, so there were significant difference with weeks (P< 0.05). Uniformity of 4 crossbreds were 84.9, 80.5 및 72.5% at 6, 7 and 8 weeks old and there were no significant difference among crossbreds. Body weight gain of BB crossbred was the highest among crossbreds (P< 0.05). Weekly feed intakes significantly increased with weeks as 669.1, 1,839, 2,812 and 3,381 g at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks old(P< 0.05). Feed intake of AA and BB crossbreds was high at 2～4 weeks old and that of BB crossbred was high at 4～6 weeks old (P< 0.05). Weekly feed conversion ratios were 1.17, 1.86, 3.32 and 9.37 at 0～2, 2～4, 4～6 and 6～8 weeks old, respectively, and they significantly increased with weeks (P< 0.05). There were no significant difference on feed conversion ratio among crossbreds. Carcass yields of 4 crossbreds were 73.6, 71.6, 73.5 and 71.7%, respectively, so there were no significant difference among crossbreds. There was no significant difference on wing, neck, breast and leg ratios among creossbreds. However, back ratios of 4 crossbreds were 17.6, 18.0, 15.8 and 17.6%, respectively, and back ratio of BB crossbred was the lowest among crossbreds. Finally, these results may provided the basic data on the production of Korean native commercial duck with 2-way crossbreeding.
< Exp. 3> Evaluation of Korean Native Ducks on Production Efficiency Factor, Carcass Yield, Partial Meat Ratio and Meat Quality with Weeks
This work was carried to evaluate production efficiency factor, carcass yield and meat quality with weeks of Large-type Korean native ducks. Korean native ducks (n = 90) from National Institute of Animal Science (RDA, Korea) were used in this work. Ninety ducks were divided into 6 groups (15 birds/group) and were fed with meat-type duck diets for 8 wk old. When ducks grew at specific wk (6, 7 and 8 weeks), 2 ducks per group were slaughtered at 6, 7 and 8 wk old. Production efficiency factor, carcass yield, partial meat and meat quality were researched in this work. There was no significant difference on livability with weeks, but body weight at 7 and 8 wk old was higher than that at 6 wk old (P< 0.05). Feed conversion ratio at 6, 7 and 8 wk old were 2.25, 2.69 and 3.21, respectively, so there was significant difference with weeks (P< 0.05). Production efficiency factor at 6, 7 and 8 wk old were 256.6, 199.8 and 153.0, respectively, so there was significant difference with weeks (P< 0.05). Carcass yield at 8 wk old was higher than that at 6 and 7 wk old as 73.5% (P< 0.05). Lightness at 6, 7 and 8 wk were 41.8, 39.0 and 38.1, respectively, and that at 6 wk old was the higher than other weeks (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference on redness at 6, 7, and 8 wk old (P> 0.05) and yellowness at 8 wk old was higher compared to other weeks (P< 0.05). Cooking loss was the highest at 6 wk old as 31.6%, but water holding capacity was the highest at 8 wk old (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference on shear force among weeks. pH at 6 wk old was the lower than that of other weeks as 5.84. Moisture content significantly decreased with weeks (P< 0.05) and fat content at 8 wk was the highest as 1.88% (P< 0.05). Protein content significantly increased with weeks until 20.9% at the age of 8 wk (P< 0.05). Ash content at 7 and 8 wk old was the higher than that at 6 wk old (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference on juiciness, tenderness, and flavor with weeks. Finally, these results may provide that shipping time at 7 wk old preferred to that at 6 and 7 wk old, but further research was needed because of deficiency of data.
< Exp. 4> Changes of Fatty Acids and Amino A cid Contents of Large-Type Korean Native Ducks with Raising Period (Weeks)
This work was carried to evaluate effect of raising period (weeks) on fatty acids and amino acids properties of Large-type Korean native ducks. Korean native ducks (n = 90) from National Institute of Animal Science (RDA, Korea) were divided into 6 groups (15 birds/group) and were fed with meat-type duck diets for 8 wk old. When ducks grew at specific wk (6, 7 and 8 weeks), 2 ducks per group were slaughtered at 6, 7 and 8 wk old. Myristic acid (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) of saturated fatty acid (SFA) were the highest and arachidonic acid of unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) was the lowest at the age of 6 weeks old (P< 0.05) at the age of 6 weeks old among treatments. Stearic acid of SFA was the highest at the age of 7 weeks old among treatments. There was no significant difference on other fatty acids among treatments. SFA and USFA have significant difference at the age of 8 weeks (P< 0.05). Histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine and threonine of essential amino acid increased with passing weeks (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference on isoleucine and valine (P> 0.05). Every non-essential amino acids were the highest at the age of 8 weeks among treatments (P< 0.05). Finally, fatty acid contents and amino acid contents increased until the age of 8 weeks old, but further research was needed because of deficiency of data to suggest the correct shipping time.
1협동과제 : 토종 종오리와 실용오리 전용 영양/사료 프로그램 개발
Part 1. Studies on Effects of Varying Levels of Dietary M etabolizable Energy, Crude Protein and Limiting Amino Acid on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristic of Korean Native Ducks
Effects of dietary M E and CP contents on growth performance and carcass characteristic of K orean native ducks (Exp. 1 and 2)
In a 3×3 factorial arrangement, 1-d old Korean male native ducks (KND) were completely randomized design to experimental diets with 3,000, 2,900 and 2,800 kcal of ME/kg of diet; each contained 23, 22 and 21% CP, from 0 to 3 wk. From 4 to 8 wk of age, experimental diets had 3,100, 3,000 and 2,900 kcal of ME/kg, and each contained 19, 18 and 17% CP, respectively. As CP increased from 21 to 23%, the BW gain and FCR linearly improved during 0 to 3 wk of age. The BW gain, feed intake and FCR were not differ during late growth stage. Relative weights of edible part and meat quality were not affected by dietary treatments.
Effects of dietary CP and amino acid contents on growth performance and carcass characteristic of Korean native ducks (Exp. 3 and 4)
In a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, 1-d-old male KND were allotted to 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets contained 23 or 21% CP with 1.31/1.09, 1.21/1.00, 1.11/0.91 and 1.11/0.91, 1.02/0.83, 0.92/0.75 AA (Lysine/TSAA), respectively, from 0 to 3 wk of age. From 4 to 8 wk of age, experimental diets had 19 or 17% of diet; each contained 1.00/ 0.79, 0.94/0.75, 0.88/0.71 and 0.88/0.71, 0.82/0.67, 0.76/0.63 AA (Lysine/TSAA), As CP increased from 21 to 23%, the BW gain significantly increased (P< 0.05) during 0 to 3 wk of age. From 4 to 8 wk of age, feed intake, BW gain, FCR and uniformity were not different (P> 0.05) between treatments. Carcass yield and relative weights of liver, spleen, right breast and leg per 100 of BW were not different (P> 0.05) between treatments. KND require relatively low levels of dietary CP and AA for late growth and carcass yield due to low daily weight gain. This suggests the possible differences in CP and AA needs between KND and commercial breeds from foreign breeding companies, especially late growth stage.
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Korean native ducks fed diets with varying levels of limiting amino acids (Exp. 5)
A total of four hundred fifty 1-d-old male KND were fed experimental diets with varying levels of lysine, TSAA and threonine (T1, 0.90/0.74/0.70 %; T2, 1.00/0.82/0.77 %; T3, 1.10/0.90/0.85 %; T4, 1.20/0.98/0.93 %; T5, 1.30/1.07/1.01 %) to 21 d of age. and thereafter they were fed one of five diets varying levels of lysine, TSAA and threonine (T1, 0.73/0.62/0.54 %; T2, 0.80/0.68/0.60 %; T3, 0.87/0.74/0.65 %; T4, 0.94/0.80/0.70 %; T5, 1.01/0.86/0.75 %) during 22 to 56 d of age, respectively. The BW gain was linearly increased as dietary limiting amino acid levels increased to 1.20 % Lysine, 0.98 % TSAA and 0.93 % threonine. There were no significant differences in feed intake, feed conversion ratio and uniformity among groups. The BW gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary limiting amino acid levels during grower stage. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality among groups. The growth performance and carcass characteristics did not shown the significant response to increasing dietary limiting amino acid levels in KND during 22 to 56 d of age. In conclusion, KND show slow-growing during late stage and require relatively low levels of most limiting amino acid for late growth and carcass yield.
Part 2. Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Korean Native Ducks and Commercial Meat-Type Ducks
Comparison of meat characteristics between Korean native duck and imported commercial duck raised under identical rearing and feeding condition (Exp. 1)
The KND and imported commercial ducks (Grim명) were raised under identical rearing and feeding conditions for 8 wk and 6 wk, respectively. The breast of KND contained lower moisture and fa, and higher protein and water holding capacity (WHC) than those of imported commercial ducks (p< 0.05). After cooking, the breast meat of KND also had higher CIE a* and lower CIE L* and showed higher shear force, and sensory attributes. The linoleic acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acid of breast meat from KND were significantly higher as compared with corresponding part from imported commercial ducks. The meat from KND, especially breast meat, had better quality parameters and contained more amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of Korean native ducks and commercial meat- type ducks raised under same feeding and rearing conditions (Exp. 2)
A total of ninety 1-d-old KND (n=45) and commercial meat-type ducks (n=45) were fed same experimental diets during 56 d and 42 d, respectively to obtain similar slaughter weights. The experimental diet for starter period contained 20% CP and 2,900 kcal ME/kg of diet and that for grower period contained 17% CP and 3,050 ME/kg of diet. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of KND were inferior than those of commercial meat-type ducks. Carcass weight was not different between two genetically different ducks, but carcass yield of KND was significantly higher than that of commercial meat-type ducks. There were no significant differences in cooking loss and pH of breast meat between two genetically different ducks, but WHC of KND was significantly higher than that of commercial meat-type ducks. The linoleic acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acid of breast meat from KND were significantly higher as compared with corresponding part from commercial meat-type ducks. With regard to physico-chemical meat qualities, significant differences were detected in WHC and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid, which were significantly higher in KND, whereas growth performance tended to be superior in commercial meat-type duck.

목차 Contents

• 표 지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 요 약 문 ... 3
• S U M M A R Y ... 5
• 목 차 ... 13
• 제 1 장 서 론 ... 14
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 17
• 1절 : 국내 연구 현황 ... 17
• 2절 : 국외 연구 현황 ... 17
• 3절 : 국내외 연구현황 및 필요 연구 분야 ... 17
• 제 3 장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 19
• 1세부과제 : 토종오리 유전특성 및 종자 개발 ... 19
• 2세부과제 : 실용오리 생산을 위한 교배체계 확립 ... 47
• 1협동과제 : 토종 종오리와 실용오리 전용 영양/사료 프로그램 개발 ... 80
• 제 4 장 연구개발 목표 달성도 및 대외 기여도 ... 116
• 1절 : 목표대비 대외 달성도 ... 116
• 2절 : 정량적 성과 ... 117
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 120
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 121
• 제 7 장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 122
• 제 8 장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 ... 123
• 제 9 장 참고문헌 ... 124
• 끝페이지 ... 131