초록 ▼

서 론
○ 1980년대 말 남북한의 물자교류가 허용되면서 시작된 남북한간의 교류협력은 2000년 남북정상회담이 개최됨으로써 그 정점을 이루었음. 그 동안의 남북교류는 주로 물자의 교역을 중심으로 발전되어 왔으며 90년대 초에 비하면 지금까지 상당한 진전을 보여 왔음. 교역규모나 성장속도가 미진하나마 3억 달러에 이르고 있으며, 비경제분야에서의 교류협력도 지속적으로 진전되고 있음. 과학기술 교류에 있어서도 진전이 있었음. 농업과학분야에서는 인공씨감자, 슈퍼 옥수수 등 이미 실질적인 협력실적이 나타나고 있으며, 중국 등 제 3국을

서 론
○ 1980년대 말 남북한의 물자교류가 허용되면서 시작된 남북한간의 교류협력은 2000년 남북정상회담이 개최됨으로써 그 정점을 이루었음. 그 동안의 남북교류는 주로 물자의 교역을 중심으로 발전되어 왔으며 90년대 초에 비하면 지금까지 상당한 진전을 보여 왔음. 교역규모나 성장속도가 미진하나마 3억 달러에 이르고 있으며, 비경제분야에서의 교류협력도 지속적으로 진전되고 있음. 과학기술 교류에 있어서도 진전이 있었음. 농업과학분야에서는 인공씨감자, 슈퍼 옥수수 등 이미 실질적인 협력실적이 나타나고 있으며, 중국 등 제 3국을 매개로 남북한이 직접 접촉하는 국제학회 등이 속속 개최되고 있음.
○ 최근 미국 부시행정부의 등장과 더불어 북한과 미국과의 관계가 냉각되기 시작하였고 남북관계도 경색되고 있음. 그러나 남북관계는 그동안에도 계속 경색되기도 하고 다시 화해하기도 하면서 진전되어 왔음. 최근의 추세가 언제까지고 계속되는 않을 것이라는 것을 예측할 수 있으며 다시 교류가 활성화될 것이라는 희망을 가지고 있음. 현재의 상황이 어떻든지 간에 장기적인 안목에서 우리는 계속되는 남북교류의 확대를 위해 대비해야 할 것임.
○ 그러나 협력에 앞서 가장 중요한 사항은 상대방에 대한 정확한 정보와 데이터임. 이러한 기본적인 사항이 충족되지 못한 채 협력이 진행됨에 따라 어려움이 가중된다고 볼 수 있음. 이러한 맥락에서 본 보고서는 북한의 주요 분야별 기술현황을 파악하는데 일차적인 목적을 가짐. 또한 이러한 작업은 지속적으로 이뤄져야 하는 당위성을 가짐.

Abstract ▼

Cooperation between the South and the North initiated with the exchange of commodity products in late 1980s culminated in the inter-Korean summit in 2000. However, the hard-line stance on the North of the Bush administration has resulted in the estranged inter-Korean relations. In fact, the inter-Ko

Cooperation between the South and the North initiated with the exchange of commodity products in late 1980s culminated in the inter-Korean summit in 2000. However, the hard-line stance on the North of the Bush administration has resulted in the estranged inter-Korean relations. In fact, the inter-Korean relations have progressed going through the periods of estrangement and reconciliation. Whatever the current situation is, it is important to prepare ourselves for the expanded inter-Korean cooperation from a long-term perspective.
Though science and technology has not been a major area of concern in the inter-Korean exchanges so far, cooperation in science and technology between two Koreas has a high potential for mutual benefits as it allows them to share complementary elements and strengthen their international competitiveness. In that regard, science and technology has a potential to be a major area of bilateral cooperation, possibly leading the inter-Korean exchanges. However, a successful cooperation requires accurate information and data on the cooperation partners. When cooperation efforts progress without these prerequisites being met, difficulties will add up . In this context, this report is aimed at understanding the overall picture of North Korean science and technology by observing its key technology areas. In addition, this kind of efforts should be continued.
This report analyzes North Korean technology in the following high-level categories; high-tech area, strategic area for survival, and traditional industry area. High-tech area includes software, telecommunication, and electronics. Agriculture, energy, nuclear energy are the sub-categories of the strategic area for survival. Lastly, the traditional industry area includes machinery.
North Korea s computer industry is very much underdeveloped in hardware. However, in software, programs excellent enough to draw the attention of the internal community are being developed and its development area is also being expanded. Given North Korea s special interest in industrializing its competence in software, software is expected to be the country s major export item in the future. North Korean software technology is world class in such technologies as recognition of voice, text and finger prints, control system, automation system and medical systems. In addition, North Korea is strong in oriental medicine information system, natural language processing, aerospace(e.g. satellite system), multimedia, game, animation, and simulation as well as in basic technologies like word processing. One of the key characteristics of softwares developed in North Korea is the heavy use of advance information technologies including artificial intelligence, fuzzy theory, visual processing, text recognition, finger prints recognition, and mechanical translation. With the advancement in defense technology and basic science, North Korea is also very strong in numerical analysis and statistics programs. Though North Korea has an excellent competence in manufacturing softwares, their performance is limited to certain areas. This implies that North Korea does not respond to the market needs effectively due to the constraints stemming from its political system. In order for the North Korean technologies to be competitive, it is necessary for the North to adopt education and human resource development conducive to diffusing a mind-set of market economy.
For North Korea, food and energy are strategic issues that should be solved for its survival. In this respect, agriculture and energy technologies are very important for the North. North Korea suffers from the shattered agricultural infrastructure, for example, shortage of agricultural water and equipment supply. Especially the shortage of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals prevented the country from achieving the production targets of rice, corn, and potato, resulting in the chronic food shortage. For efficient agricultural production, quality seeds, fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, and modern equipments are essential components. Among these components, North Korea is doing research to improve only the seed . Even this seed research can not be done independently.
North Korean energy crisis causes the shortage of electricity, the very source of industrial activities. To alleviate the energy problem, it is necessary to increase coal production and to improve overall energy efficiency by introducing foreign capital and technology. However, no dramatic solution can not be expected without the support of open-door policy and foreign aids. As temporary measures, North Korean authority focuses its efforts on increasing water capacity for power generation by removing sediment accumulated by the floods, increasing capacity utilization of existing power plants, maintaining power distribution network, and utilizing natural energies such as hydraulic power and wind power . Recently the North shows interest in alternative energy sources. Small- and medium-sized power plants do not contribute to resolving the chronic energy shortage. In some cases, these small- and medium-sized power plants even use situations of the local authorities. Only in wind power generation technologies, active research is being carried out in such area as power generator design. It is expected that the North Korean wind power generation technology will reach some advanced level if research funding is available from the economics points of view.
Among the traditional industrial technologies, North Korea has paid attention to the mechanical engineering as a core technology from the very early stage. As result, the technology level of North Korean mechanical engineering is more advanced than other areas. Despite its better condition, North Korean mechanical engineering is faced with following issues; lack of investments, outdated facility, delayed introduction of advanced technologies, lack of motivation for internal technology development, lack of systematic industrialization and technology development stemming from the imbalance between sub-technology areas, lack of standardization, poor quality products, weak front-line industries due to the focus on defense industry, and low production elasticity. These issues found in other traditional industrial technologies of the North are the main culprit of the gap with the South. For example, North Korean technology in machine tool and non-metal remains at the level of the South in mid 1980s , and that in precision machinery, automation, steel-making, and textile stands at the level of the South in early 1980 . North Korea lags behind South Korea further more in such areas as chemicals, paper, food and beverage processing, remaining at the level of the South in mid 1970s . The technological gap with the South become widened when it comes to automobile and ship building.
generators of used cars or motorbikes due to the poor financial situations of the local authorities. Only in wind power generation technologies, active research is being carried out in such area as power generator design. It is expected that the North Korean wind power generation technology will reach some advanced level if research funding is available from the economics points of view.
Among the traditional industrial technologies, North Korea has paid attention to the mechanical engineering as a core technology from the very early stage. As result, the technology level of North Korean mechanical engineering is more advanced than other areas. Despite its better condition, North Korean mechanical engineering is faced with following issues; lack of investments, outdated facility, delayed introduction of advanced technologies, lack of motivation for internal technology development, lack of systematic industrialization and technology development stemming from the imbalance between sub-technology areas, lack of standardization, poor quality products, weak front-line industries due to the focus on defense industry, and low production elasticity. These issues found in other traditional industrial technologies of the North are the main culprit of the gap with the South. For example, North Korean technology in machine tool and non-metal remains at the level of the South in mid 1980s , and that in precision machinery, automation, steel-making, and textile stands at the level of the South in early 1980 . North Korea lags behind South Korea further more in such areas as chemicals, paper, food and beverage processing, remaining at the level of the South in mid 1970s . The technological gap with the South become widened when it comes to automobile and ship building.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 서언 ... 2
• 《북한의 과학기술 현황 관련 분야별 자문위원》 ... 4
• 목차 ... 5
• 표목차 ... 8
• 그림목차 ... 10
• 요약 ... 11
• 서론 ... 23
• ■ 연구의 목적 및 필요성 ■ ... 24
• ■ 연구 내용 및 범위 ■ ... 26
• 제1부 첨단기술분야 ... 27
• 제１장 북한의 소프트웨어분야 기술현황 ... 28
• 제１절 개 관 ... 28
• 제２절 소프트웨어 기술거점별 개발현황 ... 31
• 제２장 북한의 통신분야 기술현황 ... 42
• 제１절 북한의 통신정책 ... 42
• 제２절 북한의 통신기술현황 ... 50
• 제3장 북한의 전자공학 ... 71
• 제１절 북한 전자공학의 발전과정 ... 71
• 제2절 주요 전자공학 연구거점 ... 75
• 제３절 자동화 설비와 전자부품 개발 ... 79
• 제2부 생존전략분야 ... 83
• 제１장 북한의 농업분야 기술현황 ... 84
• 제１절 북한의 농업 개관 ... 84
• 제2절 북한의 농업 기술 ... 91
• 제2장 북한의 에너지분야 기술현황 ... 99
• 제1절 북한의 에너지 현황 ... 99
• 제2절 북한의 에너지기술 수준 ... 109
• 제3장 북한의 원자력분야 기술현황 ... 115
• 제1절 개 관 ... 115
• 제2절 북한의 원자력기술 ... 126
• 제3부 전통산업분야 - 기계분야를 중심으로 - ... 133
• 제1장 북한 기계공업의 발전과정 ... 134
• 1. 정비기(1945∼49년) ... 134
• 2. 창설기(1953∼56년) ... 135
• 3. 5개년계획기(1957∼60년) ... 135
• 4. 제1차 7개년계획(1961∼70년) ... 136
• 5. 6개년계획(1971∼76년) ... 137
• 6. 제2차 7개년계획(1978∼84년) ... 139
• 7. 제3차 7개년계획(1987∼93년) ... 140
• 8. 완충기(1994∼1996) ... 142
• 9. 완충기 이후(1997∼현재) ... 144
• 제２장 북한 기계공업의 현황 ... 146
• 1. 주요 특징 ... 146
• 2. 분야별 현황 ... 150
• 제３장 북한 기계분야의 기술현황 ... 158
• 1. 기술수준 ... 158
• 2. 주요 기술거점 ... 163
• 3. 주요 연구실적 ... 172
• 4. 주요 기계공학자 ... 178
• 5. 종합평가 ... 180
• 참고문헌 ... 183
• SUMMARY ... 188
• CONTENTS ... 192
• 끝페이지 ... 195