토양정보를 이용한 광역 지하수의 질산태 질소 오염 민감도 분포 분석 Regional-Scale Evaluation of Groundwater Susceptibility to Nitrate Contamination Based on Soil Survey Information원문보기
비점오염제어에 있어서 상대적으로 지하수오염의 가능성이 높은 지역을 선별하고 주된 오염원을 파악하는 것은 그 기여도가 대단히 크다. 이 연구는 제주도를 연구지역으로 하였으며, 현재 가장 중요한 오염물질 중의 하나인 질산태 질소를 대상오염물질로 하였다. 기존 및 실제 조사에 의한 토양정보를 토대로 pedotransfer function과 수분이동 모델을 이용하여 토양통별로 산출된 질산태질소오염 민감도 지수를 통해 민감도분포도를 작성하였으며(semi process-based 법), 이를 실제 모니터링된 2,020개의 수질자료와 비교하였고 제안된 semi process-based 법은 기존의 전문가의 의견과 판단에 의존하거나 방대한 파라메터를 요구하는 기존방법들의 단점을 극복하고 충분한 지형적 해상력을 제공하였을 뿐만 아니라, 알려진 질산태 질소 모니터링 자료와도 대부분 잘 부합하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과들은 오염민감성이 높은 지역을 우선 선정하여 주의와 관리대책을 세우는 동시에 주요한 오염원을 파악함으로써 지하수자원을 합리적이고 효율적으로 보호하는데 있어서 유용한 수단이 될 것으로 판단되었다.
비점오염제어에 있어서 상대적으로 지하수오염의 가능성이 높은 지역을 선별하고 주된 오염원을 파악하는 것은 그 기여도가 대단히 크다. 이 연구는 제주도를 연구지역으로 하였으며, 현재 가장 중요한 오염물질 중의 하나인 질산태 질소를 대상오염물질로 하였다. 기존 및 실제 조사에 의한 토양정보를 토대로 pedotransfer function과 수분이동 모델을 이용하여 토양통별로 산출된 질산태질소오염 민감도 지수를 통해 민감도분포도를 작성하였으며(semi process-based 법), 이를 실제 모니터링된 2,020개의 수질자료와 비교하였고 제안된 semi process-based 법은 기존의 전문가의 의견과 판단에 의존하거나 방대한 파라메터를 요구하는 기존방법들의 단점을 극복하고 충분한 지형적 해상력을 제공하였을 뿐만 아니라, 알려진 질산태 질소 모니터링 자료와도 대부분 잘 부합하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과들은 오염민감성이 높은 지역을 우선 선정하여 주의와 관리대책을 세우는 동시에 주요한 오염원을 파악함으로써 지하수자원을 합리적이고 효율적으로 보호하는데 있어서 유용한 수단이 될 것으로 판단되었다.
Susceptibility assessment of groundwater contamination is a useful tool for many aspects of regional and local groundwater resources planning and management. It can be used to direct regulatory, monitoring, educational, and policy-making efforts to highly vulnerable areas. In this study, a semi proc...
Susceptibility assessment of groundwater contamination is a useful tool for many aspects of regional and local groundwater resources planning and management. It can be used to direct regulatory, monitoring, educational, and policy-making efforts to highly vulnerable areas. In this study, a semi process-based was proposed to evaluate relative susceptibilities to groundwater contamination by nitrate on a regional scale. Numerical simulation based on data from each soil series was done to model water flow within soil profiles that were related to groundwater contamination by nitrate. Relative vulnerability indices for each soil series were produced by manipulation of amount of leaching flux, amount of average water storage in a soil profile, and amount of average water storage change. These indices were designed to convey the trend of leaching flux and to maximize spatial resolution. The resulting vulnerability distribution map was used to locate highly vulnerable sites easily with an appropriate grouping the indices, and was then compared with those from groundwater nitrate concentrations monitored. An excellent agreement was obtained across nitrate concentrations from the highly vulnerable regions and those from the low to stable regions.
Susceptibility assessment of groundwater contamination is a useful tool for many aspects of regional and local groundwater resources planning and management. It can be used to direct regulatory, monitoring, educational, and policy-making efforts to highly vulnerable areas. In this study, a semi process-based was proposed to evaluate relative susceptibilities to groundwater contamination by nitrate on a regional scale. Numerical simulation based on data from each soil series was done to model water flow within soil profiles that were related to groundwater contamination by nitrate. Relative vulnerability indices for each soil series were produced by manipulation of amount of leaching flux, amount of average water storage in a soil profile, and amount of average water storage change. These indices were designed to convey the trend of leaching flux and to maximize spatial resolution. The resulting vulnerability distribution map was used to locate highly vulnerable sites easily with an appropriate grouping the indices, and was then compared with those from groundwater nitrate concentrations monitored. An excellent agreement was obtained across nitrate concentrations from the highly vulnerable regions and those from the low to stable regions.
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문제 정의
The primary objective of this study was to develop a semi proces s-based evaluation methodology for groundwater susceptibility to nitrate contamination, which can be applied on a regional scale with minimum model parameters or at least with parameters available from existing soil survey data. To accomplish those goals, numerical simulation based on each soil series was done to model water flow within soil profiles, which were then regionally integrated to produce the geographical distribution of the relative potentials of groundwater load.
제안 방법
USDA-ARS, 1999). ROSETTA was used to estimate unsaturated hydraulic properties from existing information and soil survey results from this study.
Table 2. Statistical analysis of the monitored groundwater nitrate concentrations.
Therefore, a new index (Index ID) was made by multiplying Index I by Index H . The Index D was thought to be enough to consider all the intended purposes while developing the previous indices including retardation, dilution, detoxification, and attenuation. This index can overcome the mimic limitation lied in the Index H.
The semi process-based approach deduced relative vulnerability indices for NO3- contamination via simulation of water transport based on each soil series (Fig. 1). To do this, several input parameters for water transport model had to be evaluated for each soil layer (183 soil layers total in the case of JejuIsland).
This index was further divided into five categories: stable, low vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, high vulnerability, and very high vulnerability (Fig. 5). This classification does not have a physical meaning.
existing soil survey data. To accomplish those goals, numerical simulation based on each soil series was done to model water flow within soil profiles, which were then regionally integrated to produce the geographical distribution of the relative potentials of groundwater load. Vulnerability indices deduced from the simulation results were then compared with monitored groundwater nitrate data to validate the proposed evaluation approach.
To obtain more detail information about Cheju soil properties and to get missed data in the existing detailed soil survey map (ASI, 1976) of Cheju Island, soils from 100 points across the island were allocated in 1999 and analyzed for their surface and subsurface physicochemcial properties. Soil texture was determined by pipet the method (Day, 1965; Green, 1981); organic matter content by rapid dichromate oxidation technique (Walkley, 1947); CEC by ammonium acetate (pH 7) displacement after washing method; pH in water using a glass electrode-calomel electorde pH meter (1:5 ratio); Available phosphorus by Mo-ascorbate colorization for phosphorus soluble in dilute acid-fluoride (Bray and Kurtz, 1945; Olsen and Sommer, 1982).
To accomplish those goals, numerical simulation based on each soil series was done to model water flow within soil profiles, which were then regionally integrated to produce the geographical distribution of the relative potentials of groundwater load. Vulnerability indices deduced from the simulation results were then compared with monitored groundwater nitrate data to validate the proposed evaluation approach.
이론/모형
Soil texture was determined by pipet the method (Day, 1965; Green, 1981); organic matter content by rapid dichromate oxidation technique (Walkley, 1947); CEC by ammonium acetate (pH 7) displacement after washing method; pH in water using a glass electrode-calomel electorde pH meter (1:5 ratio); Available phosphorus by Mo-ascorbate colorization for phosphorus soluble in dilute acid-fluoride (Bray and Kurtz, 1945; Olsen and Sommer, 1982). Concentration of major exchangeable cations were measured by ammonium acetate method using an atomic absorption spectrometer (Shimadzu, AA- 6051F). Phosphorus adsorption coefficent was determined by vanadomolybdate colorization after batch adsorption with 2.
The evaluated MRC and HCC parameters for each soil layer were then input to a 1-D water transport model WAVE (Water and Agrochemicals in soil, crop and Vadose Environment, Institute for Land and Water Management, Belgium in 1994 Vanclooster et al., 1994). The soil field water balance was be defined as
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