[논문]여성취업과 일·가정양립지원이 출산에 미치는 영향

한영선; 이연숙

doi:10.6115/fer.2015.004

[국내논문] 여성취업과 일·가정양립지원이 출산에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Women's Labour Force Participation and Work-Family Reconciliation Support on Fertility 원문보기

Family and environment research : fer, v.53 no.1, 2015년, pp.49 - 66

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study analyzes the effects of women's labour force participation and work-family reconciliation support on life-cycle fertility in Korea. The analysis is based on the longitudinal data from Korean Labour and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), which include the available information on life-cycle fertility and employment history. Employing a dynamic model of fertility, we estimated the life-cycle fertility of all the 15-49 years old women considered in this study by using a duration model. The major results of this study were as follows: First, women's labour force participation had a negative effect on the first birth, second birth, and all births (transition to births starting at different parities). Women's employment tended to lengthen the interval between births. Second, the availability of maternal leave had a positive effect on the first birth and all births for working women. Providing maternal leave to working women decreased the opportunity cost of childbearing and in turn, reduced the interbirth interval of women. However, the availability of parental leave had no significant effect on the births of working women. Third, the financial support for childcare had a positive effect on the first birth and all births. The economic support for childcare led to the reduction in the interbirth interval of women by increasing the probability of births. The use of a childcare center for the first child, which substitutes for the time that women needed to take care of their children, classified as time-intensive consumption goods, did not have any effect on the second birth. Fourth, the part-time employment of women had a positive effect on the second birth. A flexible working time schedule tended to decrease the interval between the first and the second births.

Keyword

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	자녀수요이론이란?	출산을 설명하는 자녀수요이론은 자녀를 일종의 재화(consumption goods)로 간주하여 소비자수요이론에 기초하여 출산을 설명한다[6]. Becker [6]의 자녀수요이론에 의하면 자녀는 부모들에게 효용을 주는 재화(commodities, 효용재)로 가계의 자녀수요는 가계소득과 자녀가격(자녀비용)의 변화에 의해 영향을 받게 된다.
	우리나라에서 여성취업률과 출산율 향상을 위해 시행하고 있는 정책은?	우리나라에서도 일·가정양립을 위한 법적근거를 마련하는 등 여성취업률과 출산율 향상을 위해 힘쓰고 있다. 2005년 저출산·고령사회기본법을 제정하고, 2007년 남녀고용평등법을 남녀고용 평등과 일·가정 양립 지원에 관한 법률((타)일부개정 2012.6.1,법률 제11461호)로 개정, 같은 해 가족친화 사회환경의 조성 촉진에 관한 법률(일부개정 2012.2.1, 법률 제11281호)을 제정하여 “근로자의 일·가정양립지원과 가족돌봄을 사회적으로 분담할 수 있는 제반 환경을 조성”하고자 노력하고 있다(법률 제2조). 개정된 영유아보육법((타)일부개정 2013.
	Becker의 자녀수요이론이 시사하는 바는?	출산을 설명하는 자녀수요이론은 자녀를 일종의 재화(consumption goods)로 간주하여 소비자수요이론에 기초하여 출산을 설명한다[6]. Becker [6]의 자녀수요이론에 의하면 자녀는 부모들에게 효용을 주는 재화(commodities, 효용재)로 가계의 자녀수요는 가계소득과 자녀가격(자녀비용)의 변화에 의해 영향을 받게 된다.

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