Graphite can be classified into natural graphite from mines and artificial graphite. Due to its outstanding properties such as light weight, thermal resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and high-temperature strength, artificial graphite is used across variou...
Graphite can be classified into natural graphite from mines and artificial graphite. Due to its outstanding properties such as light weight, thermal resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and high-temperature strength, artificial graphite is used across various industries in powder form and bulk form. Artificial graphite of powder form is usually used as anode materials for secondary cells, while artificial graphite of bulk form is used in steelmaking electrode bars, nuclear reactor moderators, silicon ingots for semiconductors, and manufacturing equipment. This study defines artificial graphite as bulk graphite, and provides an overview of bulk graphite manufacturing, including isotropic and anisotropic materials, molding methods, and heat treatment.
Graphite can be classified into natural graphite from mines and artificial graphite. Due to its outstanding properties such as light weight, thermal resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and high-temperature strength, artificial graphite is used across various industries in powder form and bulk form. Artificial graphite of powder form is usually used as anode materials for secondary cells, while artificial graphite of bulk form is used in steelmaking electrode bars, nuclear reactor moderators, silicon ingots for semiconductors, and manufacturing equipment. This study defines artificial graphite as bulk graphite, and provides an overview of bulk graphite manufacturing, including isotropic and anisotropic materials, molding methods, and heat treatment.
1[5] shows the crystal lattice of a hexagonal graphite with an -ABAB- stacking sequence [6-8]. Graphite consists of rings of six carbon atoms, and the sp2 carbon atom of the hexagonal basal plane has three σ electrons in the same plane and one π electron in the perpendicular direction, giving it a bond strength of 524 kJ/mol. Weak van der Waal forces (7 kJ/mol) exist between basal planes [9-16].
성능/효과
The graphitization process requires temperatures higher than 3000℃. After graphitization, the distance between planes is reduced and crystallites grow larger. This increase in density allows the material to attain properties closer to those of graphite.
Artificial graphite in bulk form was defined as bulk graphite, and classified into isotropic and anisotropic bulk graphite. The materials, molding methods, and heat treatment process were discussed.
Carbonization occurs at 760℃-1200℃, and the removal of impurities from the green body leads to reduced weight and shrinking, giving it higher mechanical strength. The pores generated from removing impurities are filled with an impregnant, and carbonization is repeated.
Isotropic bulk graphite can be obtained using CIP, and anisotropic bulk graphite can be derived from compression and extrusion molding. The orientation can be adjusted depending on the materials and processes.
Isotropic bulk graphite has the same physical properties in all directions, whereas anisotropic bulk graphite assumes different physical properties in the molding direction and direction perpendicular to molding. The latter has different applications in each case.
The graphitization process requires temperatures higher than 3000℃. After graphitization, the distance between planes is reduced and crystallites grow larger.
Artificial graphite in bulk form was defined as bulk graphite, and classified into isotropic and anisotropic bulk graphite. The materials, molding methods, and heat treatment process were discussed.
Carbonization occurs at 760℃-1200℃, and the removal of impurities from the green body leads to reduced weight and shrinking, giving it higher mechanical strength. The pores generated from removing impurities are filled with an impregnant, and carbonization is repeated.
After graphitization, the distance between planes is reduced and crystallites grow larger. This increase in density allows the material to attain properties closer to those of graphite. Purification is carried out if necessary.
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