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NTIS 바로가기Journal of plant biotechnology = 식물생명공학회지, v.43 no.3, 2016년, pp.272 - 280
원소윤 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부 유전체과) , 김정선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부 유전체과) , 강상호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부 유전체과) , 손성한 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부 유전체과)
Chrysanthemum is one of the top floriculture species with ornamental and medicinal value. Although chrysanthemum breeding program has contributed to the development of various cultivars so far, it needs to be advanced from the traditional phenotype-based selection to marker-assisted selection (molec...
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핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
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국화의 목적형질의 정확한 육종과 유전연구가 어려운 이유는? | 새로운 품종을 개발하고 형질을 개선하기 위하여 도입육종, 교잡육종, 돌연변이육종이 활발히 수행되어왔으나 국화는 목적형질의 정확한 육종과 유전연구가 다음과 같은 이유로 매우 어렵다. 국화속 식물은 기본 염색체 수가 x=9이며, 2배체부터 10배체까지 다양한 배수성을 보인다. 특히 재배국(C. morifolium)은 C. chanetii, C. erubescens, C. indicum, C. japonense, C. lavandulifolium, C. makinoi, C. sinense, C. ornatum, C. vesticum, C. zawadskii 등이 자연교잡하여 발생된 이질육배체(allohexaploid, 2n=6x=54)인 것으로 추정되며, 이수성(aneuploid)이 높아 체세포에 47~63개 염색체가 존재하는 것으로 보고되었다(Anderson 2006; Zhang et al. 2014). 그리고 국화는 이계교배(outbreeding)를 하고 자가불화합성(selfincompatibility)이 있어서 이형접합성(heterozygosity)이 매우 높고 유전연구를 위한 집단을 구축하기가 어렵다(Anderson 2006). 게다가 유전체의 크기도 매우 거대하여 9.4Gb 이상으로 보고되었고(http://data.kew.org/cvalues/), 국화과 식물의 전사체를 분석한 결과 whole genome duplication (WGD)이 최소 3회 발생하여 유전체의 구조가 복잡하다(Barker et al. 2008). | |
국화를 한방재료나 식용으로 활용되게 하는 천연물은 무엇인가? | 국화(Chrysanthemum morifolium)는 화형, 화색, 형태 등이 매우 다양하여 전세계적으로 중요한 화훼 작목으로 절화, 분화, 화단국의 형태로 이용된다. 국화는 관상용뿐만 아니라 플라보노이드(flavonoid), 터핀(terpene) 등의 생리활성 천연물을 포함하여 한방재료 혹은 식용으로도 널리 활용된다(Kumar et al. 2005). | |
분류학상 국화는 어디에 속하는가? | 2005). 분류학상 국화는 국화과(Asteraceae/Compositae) 국화족(Anthemideae) 국화속(Chrysanthemum)에 속하며, 국화과는 속씨식물의 10%이상을 포함하는 거대한 과로써 해바라기(sunflower), 양상치(lettuce), 치커리(chicory)와 같은 농작물뿐만 아니라 농업적으로 중요한 잡초종도 포함한다(Hodgins et al. 2014). |
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