[논문]Window-to-Wall-Ratio for Energy Reduction in Early Design Stage of Residential Building

Lee, Myung Sik

doi:10.5659/aikar.2017.19.4.89

Window-to-Wall-Ratio for Energy Reduction in Early Design Stage of Residential Building 원문보기

Architectural research, v.19 no.4, 2017년, pp.89 - 94

Lee, Myung Sik (Division of Architectural Engineering, Dongguk University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In Korea, it is necessary to improve the performance of buildings with respect to the energy efficiency while improving the quality of occupants' lives through a sustainable built environment. During the design and development process, building projects must have a comprehensive, integrated perspective that seeks to reduce heating, cooling and lighting loads through climate-responsive designs. The aim of this study is to assess the optimal window-to-wall ratio of multi-rise residential units in the early design phase in Korea. The study analyzed the variation of annual heating and cooling energy load in two apartment prototype units located in Seoul city using different WWRs. The analysis was conducted using Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 tool. The study found for total annual building load reductions WWR on the south and north face should be studied independently based on the room function. It also found reducing the WWR for bedrooms and windows on the northern façade resulted in reduced total annual building load.

주제어

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문제 정의

Note that Ecotect’s thermal analysis results are not accurate enough for rigorous quantitative analysis of a detailed building that means it is not useful for detailed hourly analysis or for matching true energy use. Here the study focuses only on relative differences, not absolute values like those needed for regulatory work. A thermal model of the prototype units 1 and 2 were constructed on Ecotect.

제안 방법

In this study, a simulation analysis was conducted for apartment units located on the first floor to find out the proper WWRs. It was studied using different WWRs.
Using WWRs of 20%, 30%, 40%, 60% and 80% further analysis of heating and cooling loads were conducted and compared on the south and north façade.

대상 데이터

For this study, two apartment prototype units located in Seoul city were selected. The test buildings were selected based on the unit size, the floor-to-floor height of 2.
In prototype 1 the sample unit has a WWR of 74.6% internal façade area.
In prototype 2 the sample unit has a WWR of 68.1% internal façade area.
In this prototype unit the study has found for rooms located on the south WWRs 20-50% has reduced the energy load by 4.3% in 50% WWR to 29.7%in 20% WWR. For rooms located on the north WWRs, 20-50% has reduced the energy load by 1.
The target buildings are two 12-story apartment buildings facing due south. There are two apartment units per floor around an elevator.
For this study, two apartment prototype units located in Seoul city were selected. The test buildings were selected based on the unit size, the floor-to-floor height of 2.8m and the ceiling height of 2.4m to properly represent Korean multi-rise residential buildings in general. Thermal analysis was conducted using Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 tool, a user-friendly modeling environment for an early-stage design tool that calculates building energy consumption including heating or cooling energy load for comparative energy analysis.
Different functions of the room or different usage habits of the room for the same function may result in a great difference in the yearly heating, and cooling energy loads. This study will analyze and investigate the yearly heating, cooling and total heating and cooling energy consumptions of specific rooms as well as the whole area of two prototypes units in an apartment building.

이론/모형

4m to properly represent Korean multi-rise residential buildings in general. Thermal analysis was conducted using Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 tool, a user-friendly modeling environment for an early-stage design tool that calculates building energy consumption including heating or cooling energy load for comparative energy analysis. Note that Ecotect’s thermal analysis results are not accurate enough for rigorous quantitative analysis of a detailed building that means it is not useful for detailed hourly analysis or for matching true energy use.

성능/효과

1 times than that of 50% WWR. On the north facing bedrooms (room 1 and 2) using 20%, WWR resulted in energy load reduction of 1.5-9.5 times than that of 50% WWR. For the whole unit WWRs, 20-50% has reduced the energy load by 4.
2% in 20% WWR. On the south facing bedrooms (master bedroom and room 3) using 20%, WWR resulted in energy load reduction of 1.5-2.1 times than that of 50% WWR. On the north facing bedrooms (room 1 and 2) using 20%, WWR resulted in energy load reduction of 1.
3-4 times than that of 40% WWRs. For the whole unit, an total annual building load reduction of 11-14.8% with 20% WWR;8.9-12.1% with 30% WWR; 6.7-9.6% with 40% WWR and 4.6-6.9% with 50% WWR was achieved. The 80% WWR which is larger than the built-in WWRs of both studied units has resulted in an increase in total annual building load of 1.
The results indicate that for total annual building load reduction the optimal WWRs are WWR less than 50% on the south facing windows and less than 40% on the north facing windows. On the south facing bedrooms using 20%, WWR resulted in total annual building load reduction of 1.

참고문헌 (11)

Chun, S. (2012) Building Energy Policies in Korea. In International Workshop EPC (Energy Performance Certificate) and Assessor System for Buildings; Korean Energy Management Cooperation (KEMCO), Seoul.
Kang, H.J. and Rhee, E.K. (2012) A development of energy load prediction equations for multi-residential buildings in Korea. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 11(2), 383-389.

상세보기
Huh, J.H. and Mun, S.H. (2013) Energy demand analysis according to window size and performance for Korean multifamily buildings. Architectural research, 15(4), 201-206.

원문보기 상세보기
IEA. (2012) International Energy Agency. Energy Policies of IEA Countries. The Republic of Korea, 2012 Review; International Energy Agency, Paris, France.
Kim, S.H., Kim, S.S., Kim, K.W. and Cho, Y.H. (2014) A study on the proposes of energy analysis indicator by the window elements of office buildings in Korea. Energy and Buildings, 73, 153-165.

상세보기
Kim, S.H., Shin, K.J., Choi, B.E., Jo, J.H., Cho, S. and Cho, Y.H., (2015) A study on the variation of heating and cooling load according to the use of horizontal shading and venetian blinds in office buildings in Korea. Energies, 8(2), 1487-1504.

상세보기
UNPE, 2009. Sustainable Building and Climate Initiatives. Buildings and Climate Change.
Won Ki Choi et al. (2007) Theoretical Study on the Patterns of Temperature Variation and Thermal Load According to Each, Architectural Institute of Korea, 23(6), 279-288.
World Energy Council, (2013). World Energy Resources 2013 Survey. Accessed on 08.06.2016. Available at: https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Complete_ WER_2013_Survey.pdf
Yang, Q., Liu, M., Shu, C., Mmereki, D., Uzzal Hossain, M. and Zhan, X., (2015) Impact analysis of window-wall ratio on heating and cooling energy consumption of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone in China. Journal of Engineering.
Yoo Won Park et al. (2003) Pattern of Energy Consumption According to the Position for Korean-style Apartment Houses, The Society of Air-conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea, 2003(07),1054-1059.

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