[논문]4세, 5세, 6세 정상 아동의 한국어 단모음 발달

강은영

doi:10.15268/ksim.2019.7.4.089

4세, 5세, 6세 정상 아동의 한국어 단모음 발달
Korean Monophthong Development in Normal 4-, 5-, and 6-Years-Olds 원문보기

Journal of the Korean Society of Integrative Medicine = 대한통합의학회지, v.7 no.4, 2019년, pp.89 - 104

강은영 (호원대학교 언어치료학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of korean vowels by acoustically analyzing whether children produce Korean vowels differently according to their age and gender between ages 4 and 6. Methods : A total of 104 children aged 4~6 years (56 males and 48 females) participated in this study. The participants were classified as either 4, 5, or 6 years old. Vowel speech data was obtained by asking the subjects to pronounce meaningful words in which the vowel in question was located in the first syllable. Speech analysis was performed using the Multi-speech 3700 program. Results : Age, gender, and vowel being pronounced all had significant effects on intensity. There was significant decrease with increasing age, and the intensity was significantly higher in male children than female children. Neither age, gender, nor the vowel being produced affected the fundamental frequency. The fundamental frequency produced did not differ by age or gender. The first and second formants had considerable effect on age and vowels, significantly decreased with age, and did not have a gender difference. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that children aged 4~6 have similar anatomical structures, but that maturity of speech motor skills required to pronounce vowels was correlated with age. The results of this study can be used to evaluate children's speech and develop speech therapy programs.

주제어

표/그림 (18)

표 Table 1. Characteristics of children
그림 Fig 1. Acoustic analysis in vowel /a/
표 Table 2. Mean and standard deviation values of intensity by age, gender, and vowel
표 Table 3. Results of a three-factor ANOVA (age×gender×vowel) for intensity
그림 Fig 2. Estimated marginal mean of intensity across age and gender
그림 Fig 3. Estimated marginal mean of intensity across age and gender in male children
그림 Fig 4. Estimated marginal mean of intensity across age and gender in female children
그림 Fig 5. Estimated marginal mean of Fo
표 Table 4. Results of Scheffé post hoc analysis for intensity
표 Table 5. Mean and standard deviation values of F0 by age, gender, and vowel
표 Table 6. Results of a three-factor ANOVA (age×gender×vowel) for formant frequency
표 Table 7. Mean and standard deviation values of F1 and F2 by gender and age group
그림 Fig 6. Estimated marginal mean of F1 across age and gender
그림 Fig 7. Estimated marginal mean of F1 across age and vowel
표 Table 8. Results of Scheffé post hoc analysis for F1
그림 Fig 9. Comparison of vowel spaces in 4-, 5- and 6-years-olds(solid line: 4 year olds(text color: black), dotted line: 5 year olds(text color: maroon), dashed-dotted line: 6 year olds(text color: blue).
그림 Fig 8. Estimated marginal mean of F2 across age and gender
표 Table 9 . Results of Scheffé post hoc analysis for F2

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	유아들은 어떻게 말소리를 습득하는가?	유아들은 모국어에 최적화된 말 운동 근육의 협응 및 통제 능력을 갖춤으로써 말소리를 습득하게 된다. 유아는 처음에는 자신이 쉽게 움직일 수 있는 근육을 이용하여 말소리를 산출하다가 점차적으로 자신의 모국어에 적합한 구어 패턴을 갖게 된다.
	미성숙한 발화는 근골격의 성장뿐만 아니라 어떠한 운동발달과 밀접한 관령성이 있는가?	이러한 과정에서 미성숙한 발화를 산출하게 된다(Green 등, 2000). 미성숙한 발화는 근골격의 성장뿐만 아니라 신경운동발달과 밀접한 관련성이 있다(Vorperian 등, 2005). 언어 이전기 유아의 발성에서 성인의 구어에 도달하기까지 말의 하부체계인 호흡, 발성, 공명, 조음을 담당하는 해부학적 기관의 성장과 함께 신경운동발달이 진행된다.
	Multi-Speech 3700 프로그램을 이용하여 객관적인 자료를 수집하고 음향학적 방법으로 분석중 무엇이 감소하였는가?	4세, 5세, 6세 연령에서 개구도의 차이, 혀의 전․후 위치, 구강 및 호흡운동조절 능력 면에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 단모음을 발음할 때 연령이 증가할수록 개구도가 감소하였고, 혀의 위치는 후방화 되었다. 또한 구강 및 호흡운동체계 간 신경 통합을 반영하는 지표인 강도는 4세, 5세, 6세에 유의미하게 감소하였다. F1은 4~6세에 연령의 증가에 따라서 유의미하게 감소하였고 연령과 성별 간에 상호작용이 있었다.

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