Effect of probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei GKS6, L. plantarum GKM3, and L. rhamnosus GKLC1 on alleviating alcohol-induced alcoholic liver disease in a mouse model원문보기
Tsai, You-Shan
(Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd)
,
Lin, Shih-Wei
(Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd)
,
Chen, Yen-Lien
(Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd)
,
Chen, Chin-Chu
(Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University)
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Heavy alcohol consumption causes the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a neglected but important public health problem. Many studies have pointed out that probiotics could improve gut health, which is also considered to be a cause of ALD. Therefore, this study scre...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Heavy alcohol consumption causes the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a neglected but important public health problem. Many studies have pointed out that probiotics could improve gut health, which is also considered to be a cause of ALD. Therefore, this study screened the probiotics, Lactobacillus casei GKC1 (GKC1), L. fermentum GKF3 (GKF3), Bifidobacterium lactis GKK2 (GKK2), L. rhamnosus GKLC1 (GKLC1), L. paracasei GKS6 (GKS6), and L. plantarum GKM3 (GKM3), for their potential benefits in alleviating ALD for applications to disease prevention. SUBJECTS/METHODS: C57BL/6N mice were divided into 8 groups (n = 6 in each): normal control, positive control (alcohol-diet fed), and treatments of feeding probiotics GKC1, GKF3, GKK2, GKLC1, GKS6, and GKM3 under an oral dose 0.82 g/kg B.W. per day by oral gavage. The experiment was conducted for 8 weeks, and the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in mice were measured. The glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and histology were analyzed after sacrifice. RESULTS: The results showed a decrease in the serum ALT, liver TG, and liver TC levels in the GKS6, GKM3, and GKLC1 groups compared to the positive control. In addition, the decreasing GSH and CAT levels were inhibited in the GKS6 and GKM3 groups. The histopathological results showed that all probiotics could reduce the accumulation of liver fat. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in GKLC1 with lower stomach damage compared to the alcohol-fed mice without any addition of probiotics. CONCLUSIONS: GKLC1, GKS6, and GKM3 can be used as supplements for alleviating the development of ALD.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Heavy alcohol consumption causes the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a neglected but important public health problem. Many studies have pointed out that probiotics could improve gut health, which is also considered to be a cause of ALD. Therefore, this study screened the probiotics, Lactobacillus casei GKC1 (GKC1), L. fermentum GKF3 (GKF3), Bifidobacterium lactis GKK2 (GKK2), L. rhamnosus GKLC1 (GKLC1), L. paracasei GKS6 (GKS6), and L. plantarum GKM3 (GKM3), for their potential benefits in alleviating ALD for applications to disease prevention. SUBJECTS/METHODS: C57BL/6N mice were divided into 8 groups (n = 6 in each): normal control, positive control (alcohol-diet fed), and treatments of feeding probiotics GKC1, GKF3, GKK2, GKLC1, GKS6, and GKM3 under an oral dose 0.82 g/kg B.W. per day by oral gavage. The experiment was conducted for 8 weeks, and the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in mice were measured. The glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and histology were analyzed after sacrifice. RESULTS: The results showed a decrease in the serum ALT, liver TG, and liver TC levels in the GKS6, GKM3, and GKLC1 groups compared to the positive control. In addition, the decreasing GSH and CAT levels were inhibited in the GKS6 and GKM3 groups. The histopathological results showed that all probiotics could reduce the accumulation of liver fat. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in GKLC1 with lower stomach damage compared to the alcohol-fed mice without any addition of probiotics. CONCLUSIONS: GKLC1, GKS6, and GKM3 can be used as supplements for alleviating the development of ALD.
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문제 정의
plantarumGKM3 (GKM3) on alleviating the development of ALD. This study aims to provide a better understanding of probiotic strains as another option of a therapeutic approach for patients with chronic liver disease.
This study examined the effects of LAB GKC1, GKF3, GKK2, GKLC1, GKS6 and GKM3 on the protection of developing ALD. Three strains were selected, and it was demonstrated that the consumption of LAB powder GKLC1, GKM3, and GKS6 could alleviate ALD.
제안 방법
The blood samples of the mice were collected every 2 weeks for biochemistry analysis. After 8 weeks of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and their liver tissues were collected for both biochemistry analysis and histology investigation.
At weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 (sacrificed), the sera of the mice after each treatment were collected by centrifuge a t 14,000 × g for 5 min at 4°C, and the AST, ALT, and glucose levels were analyzed (7070 Autoanalyzer; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).
During the experiment, mice (n = 48) were divided into 8 groups as follows:1) Normal control, mice fed with a normal liquid diet (PMI® Micro-Stabilized Rodent Liquid Diet LD101);2) Positive control, mice fed with alcohol-containing liquid diet (PMI® Micro-Stabilized Alcohol Rodent Liquid Diet LD101A) (36% calories were provided from alcoholic liquid diet); and3) Probiotics group, an alcohol-containing diet with additional probiotics GKS6;4) GKM3;5) GKLC1;6) GKC1;7) GKF3; and8) GKK2.
per day by oral gavage. The blood samples of the mice were collected every 2 weeks for biochemistry analysis. After 8 weeks of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and their liver tissues were collected for both biochemistry analysis and histology investigation.
On the other hand, few studies have examined the effects of other Lactobacillus strains on liver disease. Therefore, this study examined different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species L. casei GKC1 (GKC1), L. fermentum GKF3 (GKF3), Bifidobacterium lactis GKK2 (GKK2), L. rhamnosus GKLC1 (GKLC1), L. paracasei GKS6 (GKS6), and L. plantarumGKM3 (GKM3) on alleviating the development of ALD. This study aims to provide a better understanding of probiotic strains as another option of a therapeutic approach for patients with chronic liver disease.
Three strains were selected, and it was demonstrated that the consumption of LAB powder GKLC1, GKM3, and GKS6 could alleviate ALD. This study had some limitations, such as lack of microbiota analysis to determine the probiotic interaction and the partial unclear mechanism for the pathway of preventing liver injury. Nevertheless, these results still show that probiotics could alleviate ALD development by modulating the lipid metabolisms, redox reaction, and gut barrier protection.
데이터처리
All data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. An independent-samples t-test(SPSS 16.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was applied for ALT analysis as the first stage of selection. The other parameters were evaluated using a Duncan's multiple range test of 1-way analysis of variance (SPSS 16.
The results are expressed as mean ± SD. An unpaired t-test was applied (n = 6).
The other parameters were evaluated using a Duncan's multiple range test of 1-way analysis of variance (SPSS 16.0).
성능/효과
Generally, the accumulation of more than 5% TG as lipid droplets in hepatocytes is regarded as steatosis [22]. The histopathology result revealed the positive control to show a more than 10% difference in the fatty liver (histopathological score of level 2) than the normal control. This suggests that a hepatic lesion had been induced in mice by feeding them an alcohol liquid diet (Fig.
This study examined the effects of LAB GKC1, GKF3, GKK2, GKLC1, GKS6 and GKM3 on the protection of developing ALD. Three strains were selected, and it was demonstrated that the consumption of LAB powder GKLC1, GKM3, and GKS6 could alleviate ALD. This study had some limitations, such as lack of microbiota analysis to determine the probiotic interaction and the partial unclear mechanism for the pathway of preventing liver injury.
후속연구
The biomarker, such as TNF-α, IL-6, INF-γ, and NF-κB, should be tested for further investigation.
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