[논문]기후변화에 따른 남극 로스해 반응에 관한 고찰: 남극 로스해 관측의 중요성

윤승태

doi:10.4217/opr.2022004

[국내논문] 기후변화에 따른 남극 로스해 반응에 관한 고찰: 남극 로스해 관측의 중요성
Responses of the Ross Sea to the Climate Change: Importance of observations in the Ross Sea, Antarctica 원문보기

Ocean and polar research, v.44 no.1, 2022년, pp.69 - 82

윤승태 (경북대학교 자연과학대학 지구시스템과학부)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The Ross Sea, Antarctica plays an important role in the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) which is the densest water mass in global thermohaline circulation. Of the AABW, 25% is formed in the Ross Sea, and sea ice formation at the polynya (ice-free area) developed in front of ice shelves of the Ross Sea is considered as a pivotal mechanism for AABW production. For this reason, monitoring the Ross Sea variations is very important to understand changes of global thermohaline circulation influenced by climate change. In addition, the Ross Sea is also regarded as a natural laboratory in investigating ice-ocean interactions owing to the development of the polynya. In this article, I introduce characteristics of the Ross Sea described in previous observational studies, and investigate variations that have occurred in the Ross Sea in the past and those taking place in the present. Furthermore, based on these observational results, I outline variations or changes that can be anticipated in the Ross Sea in the future, and make an appeal to researchers regarding the importance and necessity of continuous observations in the Ross Sea.

주제어

표/그림 (4)

그림 Fig. 1. (a) A topographic map of the Ross Sea with a schematic pattern of ocean circulation. The location and feature of Ross Gyre, Antarctic slope front, and coastal current are referred to from Jacobs et al. (2002) and Dotto et al. (2018), Budillon et al. (2011), and Silvano et al. (2020), respectively. The upper-left panel indicates a location of the Ross Sea in the Southern Ocean. (b) A topographic map of a continental shelf region in the Ross Sea. The abbreviations CB, MB, PB, RB, HaB, DB, GCB, DT, JT, GCT, DIT, and TNB mean Crary Bank, Mawson Bank, Pannel l Bank, Ross Bank, Hayes Bank, Drygal ski Basin, Gl omar Chal l enger Basin, Drygal ski Trough, Joides Trough, Glomar Challenger Trough, Drygalski Ice Tongue, and Terra Nova Bay, respectively. Black arrows indicate schematic flow pattern of coastal currents and circulation along the Victoria Land suggested by Stevens et al. (2017), Yoon et al. (2020), and Silvano et al. (2020). Red arrows denote observed and expected pathways of mCDW intrusion onto the continental shelf (Cincinelli et al. 2008; Jendersie et al. 2018; Tinto et al. 2019)
그림 Fig. 2. (a) A distribution of sea ice concentrations in the continental shelf region of the Ross Sea averaged during 1978-2020. The interval of the white thick (black dotted) contour lines is a concentration of 30 (5) %. The mean sea ice concentration is estimated using the 25 km × 25 km (denoted by black points) Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave version 1 sea ice concentration data (Cavalieri et al. 1996). The TNB and RIS means Terra Nova Bay and Ross Ice Shelf, respectively. (b), (c), (d), (e) The same as Fig. 2a, but for a distribution of mean sea ice concentrations during the austral summer (December, January, a nd F ebruary), austral fall (March, April, and May), austral winter (June, Jul y, and August), and austral spring (September, October, and November), respectively
그림 Fig. 3. (a) A schematic θ-S diagram for water properties in the Ross Sea reproduced from Fig. 1 of Budillon et al. (2002). The dotted blue line denotes the surface freezing point depending on the salinity, and the dashed black lines denote isopycnals. AASW, CDW, AABW, mCDW, LSSW, DISW, and HSSW means Antarctic Surface Water, Circumpolar Deep Water, Modified Circumpolar Deep Water, Low Salinity Shelf Water, Deep Ice Shelf Water, and High Sal inity Shel f Water, respectively. (b) The same as Fig. 3a, but for newly defined water properties based on neutral density (γⁿ) from Budillon et al. (2011), Orsi and Wiederwohl (2009), and Yoon et al. (2020). The solid dark-gray lines indicate 28 and 28.27 kg/m³ γⁿ s urfaces, and the horizontal dark-gray l ine indicates -1.85°C isotherm l ine. The green-shaded region indicates approximate θ-S ranges of AASW. TISW, wAABW, and cAABW represents Terra Nova Bay Ice Shelf Water, Warm AABW, and Cold AABW. The blue (green) letters indicate water masses mainly detected at the outer (inner) region of the continental slope (shelf)
그림 Fig. 4. (a) Timeseries for salinity of HSSW (High Salinity Shelf Water) observed in front of the Ross Island (RI) and in Terra N ova Bay (TNB) (regions are shown in Fig. 1b), and annual averaged SAM (Southern Annul ar Mode index; Black) during 1957-2020. The red, black, blue, and navy dashed l ines indicate l inear regression l ines for salinity of HSSW in front of the RI (1957-2010), SAM (1957-2010), salinity of HSSW in TNB (1995-2012), and salinity of HSSW in TNB (2012-2019), respectively. A left axis is for salinity, and a right axis is for climate indices. A gray box indicates the period 2014-2018. The salinity values are digitized from Fusco et al. (2009), Jacobs and Giulivi (2010), Castagno et al. (2019), and Yoon et al. (2020). The annual averaged SAM is calculated using monthly SAM provided by the British Antarctic Survey (Marshall 2003; http://legacy.bas.ac.uk/met/gjma/ sam.html ). (b) Time series for November-December period-mean Antarctic sea ice extent anomaly averaged over the Southern Ocean (90°-50°S), and November-February period-mean SOI (Southern Oscil lation index) and SAM during 1980-2020. A gray box indicates the period 2014-2018. The sea ice extent means an area (km²) of ocean where has at least 15 % sea ice concentration (Turner et al. 2017; Stuecker et al. 2017). The anomaly is obtained by subtracting a total period-mean value from the original timeseries. The November-February period-mean climate indices are calculated using monthly SOI provided by the National Centre for Atmospheric Research (https:// go.nature.com/2Tz3TOJ) and monthly SAM. A left axis is for sea ice extent, and a right axis is for climate indices

참고문헌 (75)

Assmann KM, Timmermann R (2005) Variability of dense water formation in the Ross Sea. Ocean Dynam 55(2):68-87

상세보기
Barker PF, Filippelli GM, Florindo F, Martin EE, Scher HD (2007) Onset and role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 54(21-22):2388-2398

상세보기
Bromwich D, Liu Z, Rogers AN, Van Woert ML (1998) Winter Atmospheric forcing of the Ross Sea polynya. Antar Res S 75:101-133
Budillon G, Cordero SG, Salusti E (2002) On the dense water spreading off the Ross Sea shelf (Southern Ocean). J Mar Syst 35:207-227

상세보기
Budillon G, Castagno P, Aliani S, Spezie G, Padman L (2011) Thermohaline variability and Antarctic bottom water formation at the Ross Sea shelf break. Deep-Sea Res Pt I 58(10):1002-1018

상세보기
Castagno P, Fal co P, Dinniman MS, Spezie G, Budil l on G (2017) Temporal variability of the Circumpolar Deep Water infl ow onto the Ross Sea continental shel f. J Mar Syst 166:37-49

상세보기
Castagno P, Capozzi V, DiTullio GR, Falco P, Fusco G, Rintoul SR, Spezie G, Budillon G (2019) Rebound of shelf water salinity in the Ross Sea. Nat Commun 10(1):5441

상세보기
Cavalieri DJ, Parkinson CL, Gloersen P, Zwally HJ (1996) Sea ice concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS passive microwave data, Version 1(updated yearly). NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. https://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC0051/versions/1 Accessed 15 Oct 2021
Cheon WG, Gordon AL (2019) Open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the Southern Ocean. Sci Rep 9(1):6935

상세보기
Chu PC, Fan C (2007) An inverse model for calculation of global volume transport from wind and hydrographic data. J Mar Syst 65(1-4):376-399

상세보기
Ciappa A, Pietranera L, Budillon G (2012) Observations of the Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica) polynya by MODIS ice surface temperature imagery from 2005 to 2010. Remote Sens Environ 119:158-172

상세보기
Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Bittoni L, Russo A, Gambaro A, Lepri L (2008) Natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in the water column of the Ross Sea (Antarctica). J Mar Syst 73(1-2):208-220

상세보기
Daae K Daae K, Hattermann T, Darelius E, Mueller RD, Naughten KA, Timmermann R, Hellmer HH (2020) Necessary conditions for warm inflow toward the filchner ice shelf, Weddell Sea. Geophys Res Lett 47(22):1-11
Dotto T, Naveira Garabato AC, Bacon S, Tsamados M, Holland PR, Hooley J, Frajka-Williams E, Ridout A, Meredith MP (2018) Variability of the Ross Gyre, southern ocean: Drivers and Responses Revealed by satellite altimetry. Geophys Res Lett 45:6195-6204

상세보기
Fusco G, Budillon G, Spezie G (2009) Surface heat fluxes and thermohaline variability in the Ross Sea and in Terra Nova Bay polynya. Cont Shelf Res 29(15):1887-1895

상세보기
Fyfe JC, Saenko OA, Zickfeld K, Eby M, Weaver AJ (2007) The role of poleward-intensifying winds on Southern Ocean Warming. J Climate 20(21):5391-5400

상세보기
Jacobs SS, Giulivi CF (2010). Large multidecadal salinity trends near the Pacific-Antarctic continental margin. J Climate 23(17):4508-4524

상세보기
Gong D, Wang S (1999) Definition of antarctic oscillation index. Geophys Res Lett 26(4):459-462

상세보기
Gordon AL, Orsi AH, Muench R, Huber BA, Zambianchi E, Visbeck M (2009) Western Ross Sea continental slope gravity currents. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 56(13-14):796-817

상세보기
Goyal R, Gupta AS, Jucker M, England MH (2021) Historical and projected changes in the Southern Hemisphere surface westerl ies. Geophys Res Lett 48:1-13
Hall A, Visbeck M (2002) Synchronous variability in the Southern Hemisphere Atmosphere, Sea ice, and ocean resulting from the annul ar mode. J Cl imate 15:3043-3057

상세보기
Hellmer HH, Kauker F, Timmermann R, Determann J, Rae J (2012) Twenty-first-century warming of a large Antarctic ice-shelf cavity by a redirected coastal current. Nature 485(7397):225-228

상세보기
Hellmer HH, Kauker F, Timmermann R, Hattermann T (2017) The fate of the Southern Weddell Sea continental shelf in a warming climate. J Climate 30(12):4337-4350

상세보기
Holland DM (2001) Explaining the Weddell polynya - a large ocean eddy shed at Maud Rise. Science 292:1697-1700

상세보기
Holland DM, Nicholls KW, Basinski A (2020) The Southern Ocean and its interaction with the Antarctic ice sheet. Science 367:1326-1330

상세보기
Jackett DR, McDougall TJ (1997) A neutral density variable for the world's oceans. J Phys Oceanogr 27:237-263

상세보기
Jacobs SS (2004) Bottom water production and its links with the thermohaline circulation. Antarct Sci 16(4):427-437

상세보기
Jacbos SS, Giulivi CF, Mele PA (2002) Freshening of the Ross Sea during the late 20th century. Science 297(5580):386-389

상세보기
Jendersie S, Williams MJM, Langhorne PJ, Robertson R (2018) The density-driven winter intensification of the Ross Sea circulation. J Geophys Res-Oceans 123(11):7702-7724

상세보기
Jenkins A, Dutrieux P, Jacobs SS, Steig EJ, Gudmundsson GH, Simth J, Heywood KJ (2016) Decadal ocean forcing and Antarctic ice sheet response: lessons from the Amundsen Sea. Oceanography 29(4):106-117

상세보기
Johnson GC (2008) Quantifying Antarctic Bottom Water and North Atlantic deep water volumes. J Geophys Res 113(C5):C05027. doi:10.1029/2007JC004477

상세보기
Kurtz DD, Bromwich DH (1985) A recurring, atmospherically forced polynya in Terra Nova Bay. Antar Res S 43:177-201
Malyarenko A, Robinson NJ, Williams MJM, Langhorne PJ (2019). A wedge mechanism for summer surface water inflow into the Ross ice shelf cavity. J Geophys Res-Oceans 124(2):1196-1214

상세보기
Marshall GJ (2003) Trends in the Southern annular mode from observations and reanalyses. J Climate 16:4134-4143

상세보기
Mathiot P, Jourdain NC, Barnier B, Gallee H, Molines JM, Le Sommer J, Penduff T (2012) Sensitivity of coastal polynyas and high-salinity shelf water production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, to the atmospheric forcing. Ocean Dynam 62(5):701-723

상세보기
Mazloff MR, Heimbach P, Wunsch C (2010) An eddy-permitting southern ocean state estimate. J Phys Oceanogr 40(5):880-899

상세보기
Morales Maqueda MA (2004) Polynya dynamics: a review of observations and modeling. Rev Geophys 42(1):1-37

상세보기
Moreno PI, Vilanova I, Villa-Martinez R, Bunbar RB, Mucciarone DA, Kaplan MR, Garreaud RD, Rojas M, Moy CM, De Pol-Holz R, Lamber F (2018) Onset and evolution of Southern Annular Mode-like changes at centennial timescale. Sci Rep 8:3458

상세보기
Nakayama Y, Timmermann R, Rodehacke CB, Schroder M, Hellmer HH (2014) Modeling the spreading of glacial meltwater from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas. Geophys Res Lett 41(22):7942-7949

상세보기
Naughten KA, De Rydt J, Rosier SHR, Jenkins A, Hol l and PR, Ridley JK (2021) Two-timescale response of a large Antarctic ice shelf to climate change. Nat Commun 12(1):1991

상세보기
Nicholls KW, Osterhus S, Makinson K, Gammelsrod T, Fahrbach E (2009) Ice-ocean processes over the continental shelf of the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica: a review. Rev Geophys 47(3):1-23
Orsi AH, Smethie Jr WM, Bullister JL (2002) On the total input of Antarctic waters to the deep ocean: a preliminary estimate from chlorofluorocarbon measurements. J Geophys Res 107(C8):3122. doi:10.1029/2001JC000976

상세보기
Orsi AH, Johnson GC, Bullister JL (1999) Circulation, mixing, and production of Antarctic Bottom Water. Prog Oceanogr 43:55-109

상세보기
Orsi AH, Jacobs SS, Gordon AL, Visbeck M (2001) Cooling and ventilating the Abyssal Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 28(15):2923-2926

상세보기
Orsi AH, Wiederwohl CL (2009) A recount of Ross Sea waters. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 56(13-14):778-795

상세보기
Pinones A, Hofmann EE, Costa DP, Goetz K, Burns JM, Roquet F, Dinnimann MS, Klinck JM (2019) Hydrographic variability along the inner and mid-shelf region of the western Ross Sea obtained using instrumented seals. Prog Oceanogr 174:131-142

상세보기
Purkey SG, Johnson GC (2013) Antarctic bottom water warming and freshening: contributions to sea level rise, ocean freshwater budgets, and global heat gain. J Climate 26(16):6105-6122

상세보기
Rignot E, Jacobs SS, Mouginot J, Scheuchl B (2013) Ice-shelf melting around Antarctica. Science 341(6143):266-270

상세보기
Rignot E, Mouginot J, Morlighem M, Seroussi H, Scheuchl B (2014) Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011. Geophys Res Lett 41(10):3502-3509

상세보기
Rintoul SR (2018) The global influence of localized dynamics in the Southern Ocean. Nature 558(7709):209-218

상세보기
Robinson NJ, Williams MJM, Stevens CL, Langhorne PJ, Haskell TG (2014) Evolution of a supercooled Ice Shelf Water plume with an actively growing subice platelet matrix. J Geophys Res-Oceans 119(6):3425-3446

상세보기
Rusciano E, Budillon G, Fusco G, Spezie G (2013) Evidence of atmosphere-sea ice-ocean coupling in the Terra Nova Bay polynya (Ross Sea-Antarctica). Cont Shelf Res 61-62:112-124

상세보기
Rye CD, Naveira Garabato AC, Holland PR, Meredith MP, Nurser AJG, Hughes CW, Coward AC, Webb DJ (2014) Rapid sea-level rise along the Antarctic margins in response to increased glacial discharge. Nat Geosci 7(10):732-735

상세보기
Silvano A, Foppert A, Rintoul SR, Holland PR, Tamura T, Kimura N, Castagno P, Falco P, Budillon G, Haumann FA, Naveira Garabato AC, Macdonald AM (2020) Recent recovery of Antarctic bottom water formation in the Ross Sea driven by climate anomalies. Nat Geosci 13(12):780-786

상세보기
Stevens CL, Lee WS, Fusco G, Yun S, Grant B, Robinson N, Hwang CY (2017) The influence of the Drygalski Ice Tongue on the local ocean. Ann Glaciol 58(74):51-59

상세보기
Stevens CL, Hulbe C, Brewer M, Stewart C, Robinson N, Ohneiser C, Jendersie S (2020) Ocean mixing and heat transport processes observed under the Ross Ice Shelf control its basal melting. Proc Natl Acad Sci 117(29):16799-16804

상세보기
Stuecker MF, Bitz CM, Armour KC (2017) Conditions leading to the unprecedented low Antarctic sea ice extent during the 2016 austral spring season. Geophys Res Lett 44(17):9008-9019

상세보기
Talley LD, Pickard GL, Emery WJ, Swift JH (2011) Descriptive physical oceanography. Elsevier, London, 543 p
Tamura T, Ohshima KI, Fraser AD, Williams GD (2016) Sea ice production variability in Antarctic coastal polynyas. J Geophys Res-Oceans 121(5):2967-2979

상세보기
Thoma M, Jenkins A, Holland D, Jacobs SS (2008) Modelling circumpolar deep water intrusions on the Amundsen Sea continental shelf, Antarctica. Geophys Res Lett 35:1-6
Thomas G, Purkey SG, Roemmich D, Foppert A, Rintoul SR (2020) Spatial variability of antarctic bottom water in the Australian Antarctic Basin from 2018-2020 captured by Deep Argo. Geophys Res Lett 47(23):1-9
Thompson DWJ, Wallace JM (2000) Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: Month-to-month variability. J Climate 13:1000-1016

상세보기
Thompson DWJ, Wallace JM, Hegerl GC (2000) Annular modes in the extratropical circul ation. Part II: Trends. J Climate 13:1018-1036

상세보기
Thompson L, Smith M, Thomson J, Stammerjohn S, Ackley S, Loose B (2020) Frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Cryosphere 14(10):3329-3347

상세보기
Tinto KJ, Padman L, Siddoway CS, Springer SR, Fricker HA, Das I, Caratori Tontini F, Porter DF, Frearson NP, Howard SL, Siegfried MR, Mosbeux C, Becker MK, Bertinato C, Boghosian A, Brady N, Burton BL, Chu W, Cordero SI, Dhakal T, Dong L, Gustafson CD, Keeshin S, Locke C, Lockett A, O'Brien G, Spergel JJ, Starke SE, Tankersley M, Wearing MG, Bell RE (2019) Ross ice shelf response to climate driven by the tectonic imprint on seafloor bathymetry. Nat Geosci 12(6):441-449

상세보기
Turner J, Comiso JC, Marshall GJ, Lachlan-Cope TA, Bracegirdle T, Maksym T, Meredith MP, Wang Z, Orr A (2009) Non-annular atmospheric circulation change induced by stratospheric ozone depletion and its role in the recent increase of Antarctic sea ice extent. Geophys Res Lett 36:1-5
Turner J, Phillips T, Marchall GJ, Hosking JS, Pope JO, Bracegirdle TJ, Deb P (2017) Unprecedented springtime retreat of Antarctic sea ice in 2016. Geophys Res Lett 44(13):6868-6875

상세보기
Ushio S, Wakatsuchi M (1993) A laboratory study on super-cooling and frazil ice production processes in winter coastal polynyas. J Geophys Res 98(C11):20,321-20,328. doi:10.1029/93JC01905

상세보기
Van Woert ML (1999) Wintertime dynamics of the Terra Nova Bay polynya. J Geophys Res-Oceans 104(C4):7753-7769

상세보기
Van Woert ML, Meier WN, Zou C-Z, Archer A, Pellegrini A, Grigioni P, Bertoia C (2001) Satellite observations of upper-ocean currents in Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. Ann Glaciol 33:407-412

상세보기
Van Woert ML, Johnson ES, Langone L, Worthen DL, Monaghan A, Bromwich DH, Meloni R, Dunbar RB (2003) The Ross Sea circulation during the 1990s. Antar Res S 78:5-34
Whitworth III T, Orsi AH, Kim S-J, Nowlin Jr WD, Locarnini RA (1998) Water masses and mixing near the Antarctic slope front. Antar Res S 75:1-27
Williams GD, Aoki S, Jacobs SS, Rintoul SR, Tamura T, Bindoff NL (2010) Antarctic Bottom Water from the Adelie and George V Land coast, East Antarctica (140-149°E). J Geophys Res 115(C4):1-29
Yoon S-T, Lee WS, Stevens CL, Jendersie S, Nam S, Yun S, Hwang CY, Jang GI, Lee J (2020) Variability in highsalinity shelf water production in the Terra Nova Bay polynya, Antarctica. Ocean Sci 16(2):373-388

상세보기
Yuan X, Martinson DG (2001) The Antarctic dipole and its predictability. Geophys Res Lett 28(18):3609-3612

상세보기

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증