[논문]어머니의 모델링과 식사 지도가 유아의 식행동에 미치는 영향

심현미; 한영신; 이경아

doi:10.4163/jnh.2022.55.2.296

어머니의 모델링과 식사 지도가 유아의 식행동에 미치는 영향
The effect of the mother's modeling and feeding practices on the eating behavior of young children 원문보기

Journal of nutrition and health, v.55 no.2, 2022년, pp.296 - 308

심현미 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품영양학과) , 한영신 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품영양학과) , 이경아 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품영양학과)

초록
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본 연구는 어머니의 모델링이 유아의 식행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 아이와 어머니의 식사에 대한 행동을 조사하였다. 식행동검사는 아동 영역 58문항, 어머니 영역 20문항으로 구성되어 있으며, 2018년 4월부터 6월까지 어린이집 및 유치원 64개소, 총 1,103명을 조사하였다. 어머니의 식행동 및 식사 지도에 따른 자녀의 식행동을 살펴본 결과, 어머니의 식행동이 불규칙한 경우 자녀의 접근회피성, 과활동성, 불규칙성 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 또한 어머니가 까다로운 경우 자녀의 접근회피성과 감각예민성 점수가 유의하게 높았으며, 자기방임적인 식행동을 보이는 어머니에서 자녀의 과활동성 점수가 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 식사 시 관여도가 높을수록 자녀의 과활동성과 불규칙성 점수가 유의하게 낮았고, 식사 시 규제와 강요가 과할수록 자녀의 과활동성 점수가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 어머니의 모델링과 식사 지도 유형이 자녀의 식행동에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, 자녀의 접근회피성과 감각예민성에는 어머니의 까다로운 식행동과 규제·강요의 식사지도방식이 정적인 영향을 미치며, 자녀의 접근회피성은 어머니의 식사지도방식보다는 까다로운 식행동에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 자녀의 과활동성에는 어머니의 불규칙하고 자기방임적인 식행동과 관심과 규제가 많은 식사 지도 방식이 정적인 영향을 미치며, 어머니의 모델링보다는 식사지도방식에 의해 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 조사되었다. 자녀의 불규칙성에는 어머니의 불규칙하고 까다로운 식행동과 과도한 관심과 규제가 많은 식사 지도 방식이 정적인 영향을 미치며, 식사 지도 방법보다 어머니의 불규칙하고 까다로운 식행동이 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과를 통해 유아의 올바른 성장과 식생활 형성을 위해서는 자녀가 어머니의 식행동을 모델링할 수 있도록 어머니의 자기 관리적이고 규칙적인 식생활을 통해 자녀들에게 모범을 보일 수 있도록 해야하며, 유아의 영양교육을 계획할 경우 반드시 어머니 교육을 병행하고 아이들의 식행동과 어머니의 식행동을 함께 고려한 맞춤형 솔루션 제공이 중요함을 확인하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a mother's modeling and feeding practices on the eating behavior of the children. Methods: From April to June 2018, 1,036 young children aged 2 to 6 years and their mothers in Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, were examined for their eating behavior and feeding practices using a verified dietary behavior test (DBT). The children's dietary behavior was classified into four categories: "access evasiveness", "sensory acuity", "hyperactivity", and "irregularity". The mother's eating behavior was classified into three categories: "pickiness", "negligence", and "irregularity", and feeding practice types were classified into two categories: "responsibility/monitoring", and "restriction/pressure". The differences between the groups were tested using the t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test. The influence of feeding practices on the children's eating behavior was analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis while controlling for the mother's modeling. Results: The problem rates of irregularity, negligence and pickiness in the mother's modeling were 33.7%, 22.8%, and 20.7%, respectively. An analysis of the mother's feeding practices revealed that responsibility/monitoring had a middle, high and low significance in 74.2%, 17.3%, and 8.5% of respondents, respectively and the risk rate of restriction/pressure when guiding children to eat was 15.3%. The problem rates for sensory acuity, access evasiveness, irregularity, and hyperactivity in children were 27.9%, 26.1%, 24.8%, and 22.0%, respectively. Among the four eating behavior characteristics of children, the child's access evasiveness and sensory acuity were more affected by their pickiness rather than the mother's feeding practices, and the child's hyperactivity was more influenced by feeding practices than the mother's eating behavior. The child's irregularity was similarly affected by the mother's eating behavior and feeding practices. Conclusion: Since the mother's eating behavior and feeding practices affect the children's eating behavior, a diet improvement program for children should consider not only the nutrition education of children but also the mother's eating behavior and provide the necessary intervention for feeding practices.

주제어

표/그림 (5)

표 Table 1. Characteristics of subjects
표 Table 2. Percentage of type of mother’s eating behavior and feeding practices
표 Table 3. Percentage of type of children's eating behavior
그림 Fig. 1. T score by type of child's eating behavior1) according to type of mother’s eating behavior2). T score for each type of mother's eating behavior and children's eating behavior according to risk group and normal group. ¹⁾Children's eating behavior: access evasiveness, sensory acuity, hyperactivity, irregularity. ²⁾Mother's eating behavior: irregularity (risk group: 0 ≤ T score < 85, normal group: T score ≥ 85), pickiness (risk group: 0 ≤ T score < 85, normal group: T score ≥ 85), negligence (risk group: 0 ≤ T score < 85, normal group: T score ≥ 85). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
그림 Fig. 2. T scores by type of child's eating behavior¹⁾ according to the type of mother's feeding practices2). T score for each type of mother's feeding practices and children's eating behavior according to risk group and normal group. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Different letters on the same column indicate significant differences among groups by Duncan's multiple range test. 1)Children's eating behavior: access evasiveness, sensory acuity, hyperactivity, irregularity. ²⁾Mother's feeding practices: responsibility/monitoring (high group: T score ≥ 90, middle group: 30 ≤ T score < 90, Low group: T score < 30), restriction/pressure (risk group: 0 ≤ T score < 85, normal group: T score ≥ 85). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.

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