임상실습 중 간호대학생에 대한 폭력: 폭력에 대한 경험, 인식, 대응 및 대처 Violence against Nursing Students during Clinical Practice: Experiences, Perception, Responses and Coping with Violence원문보기
본 연구는 간호대학생이 임상실습 중 경험하는 폭력, 폭력에 대한 반응과 차후 행동을 알아내기 위함이다. 조사연구가 실시되었고, 자료는 2012년 4월 30일부터 7월 6일까지 수집되었다. 4개 도시의 6개 대학에서 290명의 간호대학생을 대상으로 자기설문방식이 사용되었다. 약 91%의 학생들이 폭력을 당하였다. 언어적 폭력(85.2%)이 가장 빈번하게 맞닥뜨리는 폭력의 종류였고, 신체적 위협(74.8%), 성폭력(41.0%), 신체적 폭력(26.2%)의 순서였다. 참가자들은 환자 또는 환자 가족, 의사 및 간호사와 같은 임상스탭에 의해 학대를 당하였다. 간호대학생은 폭력에 노출된 이후 생리적 또는 사회적인 면보다는 심리적인 면에서 더 부정적으로 반응하였다. 대부분의 학생들의 대처 행동은 "폭력을 가한 사람에게 반응하지 않고, 임상실습을 지속함 (51.7%)"이었고, 이러한 반응은 폭력을 경험한 후의 대처행동에서 가장 빈번하게 사용되었다(79.5%). 간호대학생이 임상 현장에서 경험하는 폭력을 예방할 수 있도록 하는 전략이 수립되어야하며, 학생들은 교육 과정에서 폭력에 대처할 수 있는 의사소통 및 방법과 관련된 정보를 제공 받을 수 있어야 한다.
본 연구는 간호대학생이 임상실습 중 경험하는 폭력, 폭력에 대한 반응과 차후 행동을 알아내기 위함이다. 조사연구가 실시되었고, 자료는 2012년 4월 30일부터 7월 6일까지 수집되었다. 4개 도시의 6개 대학에서 290명의 간호대학생을 대상으로 자기설문방식이 사용되었다. 약 91%의 학생들이 폭력을 당하였다. 언어적 폭력(85.2%)이 가장 빈번하게 맞닥뜨리는 폭력의 종류였고, 신체적 위협(74.8%), 성폭력(41.0%), 신체적 폭력(26.2%)의 순서였다. 참가자들은 환자 또는 환자 가족, 의사 및 간호사와 같은 임상스탭에 의해 학대를 당하였다. 간호대학생은 폭력에 노출된 이후 생리적 또는 사회적인 면보다는 심리적인 면에서 더 부정적으로 반응하였다. 대부분의 학생들의 대처 행동은 "폭력을 가한 사람에게 반응하지 않고, 임상실습을 지속함 (51.7%)"이었고, 이러한 반응은 폭력을 경험한 후의 대처행동에서 가장 빈번하게 사용되었다(79.5%). 간호대학생이 임상 현장에서 경험하는 폭력을 예방할 수 있도록 하는 전략이 수립되어야하며, 학생들은 교육 과정에서 폭력에 대처할 수 있는 의사소통 및 방법과 관련된 정보를 제공 받을 수 있어야 한다.
This study was conducted to evaluate nursing students' experiences with violence, as well as their responses and behaviors subsequent to being subjected to violence. A descriptive survey was conducted and data were collected from April 30 to July 6, 2012. Responses were obtained from the 290 nursing...
This study was conducted to evaluate nursing students' experiences with violence, as well as their responses and behaviors subsequent to being subjected to violence. A descriptive survey was conducted and data were collected from April 30 to July 6, 2012. Responses were obtained from the 290 nursing students studying at six universities in four cities using self-administered questionnaires. About 91% of the students were subjected to violence. Verbal violence (85.2%) was the most frequently encountered type of violence, followed by physical threats (74.8%), sexual violence (41.0%), and physical violence (26.2%). Participants were abused by patients or patients' family members, as well as clinical staff, such as nurses and doctors. After the nursing students were exposed to violence, they responded more negatively to psychological aspects than to biophysical or social aspects. Most students did "not react to the person inflicting violence and continued clinical practice" (51.7%), and this response was cited by students as their most frequently used method of coping (79.5%) after violent confrontations. Strategies should be taken to prevent the violence inflicted upon nursing students in clinical settings, and nursing students should be provided with information related to communication and methods to cope with violence during their education.
This study was conducted to evaluate nursing students' experiences with violence, as well as their responses and behaviors subsequent to being subjected to violence. A descriptive survey was conducted and data were collected from April 30 to July 6, 2012. Responses were obtained from the 290 nursing students studying at six universities in four cities using self-administered questionnaires. About 91% of the students were subjected to violence. Verbal violence (85.2%) was the most frequently encountered type of violence, followed by physical threats (74.8%), sexual violence (41.0%), and physical violence (26.2%). Participants were abused by patients or patients' family members, as well as clinical staff, such as nurses and doctors. After the nursing students were exposed to violence, they responded more negatively to psychological aspects than to biophysical or social aspects. Most students did "not react to the person inflicting violence and continued clinical practice" (51.7%), and this response was cited by students as their most frequently used method of coping (79.5%) after violent confrontations. Strategies should be taken to prevent the violence inflicted upon nursing students in clinical settings, and nursing students should be provided with information related to communication and methods to cope with violence during their education.
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문제 정의
This study was conducted to examine the violent experiences of nursing students in clinical setting to determine the types of violence, as well as how their responses and coping methods are affected after such an experience.
제안 방법
Before conducting this study, all items were evaluated by two nursing professors who were experienced in clinical nursing practice educators, for content and clarity. A pilot study was conducted with ten nursing students to ensure the comprehension of the questionnaire items.
Data were collected between April 30 and July 6, 2012. For recruitment, a letter containing information about the nature, significance, and objectives of the study was sent to the director of each nursing school via email, and then each school was approached by telephone. Once the director agreed to collect the data, a trained research assistant visited the school and distributed the questionnaire.
We need to expand our understanding of physical threats, physical violence, and sexual violence among nursing students having clinical experience in various clinical settings. Given these circumstances, the research question of this study was to explore the incidence of violence, the perceived causes of being subjected to violence, as well as responses and how to cope with after the nursing students were exposed to violence.
The survey we used contained items pertaining to descriptive characteristics, incidences of violence, and students’ responses and behaviors subsequent to being subjected to violence.
대상 데이터
9%) were included in the data analysis after incomplete surveys were eliminated. Among 290 students 115 students were enrolled in 3-year junior colleges and 175 students were enrolled in universities.
The instrument used to measure students’ responses to violence was the Assault response questionnaire, which was developed by Lanza[21] and translated by Jang[22]. This instrument consists of 40 items, with a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all true of me) to 5 (extremely true of me). The Assault response questionnaire consisted of three subcategories, including emotional (19-items), physical (14-items), and social responses (7-items).
이론/모형
The instrument used to measure students’ responses to violence was the Assault response questionnaire, which was developed by Lanza[21] and translated by Jang[22].
This study used cross-sectional descriptive study design.
성능/효과
The survey we used contained items pertaining to descriptive characteristics, incidences of violence, and students’ responses and behaviors subsequent to being subjected to violence. Descriptive characteristics included gender, age, perceived health status, social relationship status, satisfaction with studying nursing, satisfaction with clinical practice, experience of violence-related education, and opinion regarding the necessity of violence education was collected. Incidences of violence consisted of verbal violence (5-items), physical threats (6-items), physical violence (5-items), and sexual violence (8-items).
Another reason is their lack of skills to deal with the incident[10]. In the results of this study, only 13.8% of the students had previous violence-related education, and about 71.0% of the students responded that violence education was more than moderately necessary. Thomas[30] emphasized the role of the nurse educators in eliminating violence, and recommended the implementation of violence-free contracts, participation in role-play activities, adoption of a professional communication technique, reflection journaling, and cognitive recognition, use of nurse preceptors, and so on.
In this study, negative consequences of nursing students’ exposure to violent incidents included anger, increased irritability, depression, being in a state of shock, increased appetite, increased body tension, startle reactions, and fear.
Students need guidance and support in order to develop confidence and competence during the period of clinical practice. The findings of our study demonstrated that most nursing students experienced violence and the most frequent action taken by respondents after violence was to not react to the patient and continue providing care. Therefore, strategies should be taken to prevent the violence inflicted upon nursing students in clinical settings.
후속연구
Hinchberger[24] examined observed or experienced bullying, harassment, or verbal abuse within the past 2 to 3 years, using a modified metropolitan Chicago healthcare survey. More research would be required to better understand the incidence of violence in various international populations.
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