장단기 고용량 카페인 투여가 청소년기 동물모델의 행동에 미치는 영향 Influence of Short- and Long-term High-dose Caffeine Administration on Behavior in an Animal Model of Adolescence원문보기
Purpose: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant of the methylxanthine class. Among adolescents, high-dose of caffeine consumption has increased rapidly over the last few decades due to the introduction of energy drinks. However, little is known about the time-dependent effect of high d...
Purpose: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant of the methylxanthine class. Among adolescents, high-dose of caffeine consumption has increased rapidly over the last few decades due to the introduction of energy drinks. However, little is known about the time-dependent effect of high doses of caffeine consumption in adolescents. The present study aims to examine the short- and long-term influence of high-dose caffeine on behavior of adolescence. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups: a "vehicle" group, which was injected with 1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline for 14 days; a "Day 1" group, which was injected with caffeine (30 mg/kg), 2 h before the behavioral tests; and a "Day 14" group, which was infused with caffeine for 14 days. An open-field test, a Y-maze test, and a passive avoidance test were conducted to assess the rats'activity levels, anxiety, and cognitive function. Results: High-dose caffeine had similar effects in short-and long-term treatment groups. It increased the level of locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior, as evidenced by the increase in the number of movements and incidences of rearing and grooming in the caffeine-treated groups. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the Y-maze test. However, in the passive avoidance test, the escape latency in the caffeine-treated group was decreased significantly, indicating impaired memory acquisition. Conclusion: These results indicate that high-dose caffeine in adolescents may increase locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior and impair learning and memory, irrespective of the duration of administration. The findings will be valuable for both evidence-based education and clinical practice.
Purpose: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant of the methylxanthine class. Among adolescents, high-dose of caffeine consumption has increased rapidly over the last few decades due to the introduction of energy drinks. However, little is known about the time-dependent effect of high doses of caffeine consumption in adolescents. The present study aims to examine the short- and long-term influence of high-dose caffeine on behavior of adolescence. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups: a "vehicle" group, which was injected with 1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline for 14 days; a "Day 1" group, which was injected with caffeine (30 mg/kg), 2 h before the behavioral tests; and a "Day 14" group, which was infused with caffeine for 14 days. An open-field test, a Y-maze test, and a passive avoidance test were conducted to assess the rats'activity levels, anxiety, and cognitive function. Results: High-dose caffeine had similar effects in short-and long-term treatment groups. It increased the level of locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior, as evidenced by the increase in the number of movements and incidences of rearing and grooming in the caffeine-treated groups. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the Y-maze test. However, in the passive avoidance test, the escape latency in the caffeine-treated group was decreased significantly, indicating impaired memory acquisition. Conclusion: These results indicate that high-dose caffeine in adolescents may increase locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior and impair learning and memory, irrespective of the duration of administration. The findings will be valuable for both evidence-based education and clinical practice.
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문제 정의
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-dose caffeine and the duration of its administration on behavior in adolescent animal models, because frequent high caffeine intake in adolescents is an emerging social problem. In all study groups, a high dose of caffeine had no effect on the animals’ body weight, which increased steadily.
제안 방법
To prevent the rats from experiencing caffeine withdrawal symptoms, we administered the caffeine until the final day of the experiment. We carried out three kinds of behavioral tests over 2 days: an open-field test (OFT), a Y-maze test, and a passive avoidance test. There were 3 h intervals between the behavior tests for rest and to allow for adaptation.
대상 데이터
The apparatus, which measured 66×33×43 cm, was made of acryl and aluminum and consisted of two compartments, a light chamber and a dark chamber, connected via asliding door that closed automatically when a rat moved from one chamber to another.
The passive avoidance test is used to evaluate the fear-motivated learning and memory of rats based on their habituation of liking dark places over light places. This test used the automatic system device (Gemini, San Diego Instruments, USA). The apparatus, which measured 66×33×43 cm, was made of acryl and aluminum and consisted of two compartments, a light chamber and a dark chamber, connected via asliding door that closed automatically when a rat moved from one chamber to another.
데이터처리
All the data was expressed as a standard error of the mean and was evaluated for normal distributions via the Shapiro-Wilk test. As the variables did not follow normal distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to obtain overall group comparisons.
All the data was expressed as a standard error of the mean and was evaluated for normal distributions via the Shapiro-Wilk test. As the variables did not follow normal distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to obtain overall group comparisons. In addition, Mann-Whitney U tests were used as post-hoc tests to compare two groups at a time.
Results which had normality were performed by one-way analysis of variance test, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test.
이론/모형
This study was approved by the K University Animal Care and Use Committee. All the experimental procedures were performed in accordance with the animal care guidelines of the National Institute of Health and the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.
후속연구
We expect more research to be conducted using various methodologies on adolescence. In addition, further research will be needed to clarify the underlying mechanism of the influence of caffeine on behavior at a preclinical level.
Furthermore, few previous studies have focused on youth. Therefore, we recommend that further studies be undertaken to confirm the effect of caffeine on learning and memory in adolescents.
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